opposition to tsar 1984-1905

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  • how serious was the opposition to Nicholas II 1894-1905?
    • liberal movements-
      • kadets- intellectual arm of movement led by Paul Milyukov, important opposition in the first duma
      • octobrists-moderate group of liberals, loyal to tsar only wanted reforms in gov. they supported the October manifesto
      • little  threat as no organised political party, little support from peasants so limited influence on policies
      • 1904 Peter Struve sounded the union of liberation, who wanted fairer land distribution to peasants, a representative constituent assembly and improved conditions for industrial work. if addressed these would have diluted authority of tsar
    • populists
      • Revolutionaries, didn't pose much threat by 1894 due to lack of large-scale support
      • believed agriculture commune and so-operative workshop could rpovidea base for Russian economy
      • social revolutionaries
        • left wing- radical, between 1901 -1905 about 2000 political killings
        • right wing- moderate, appealed to peasants and worked with other parties to gain support after 1905 revolution
        • despite division these posed the most threat b4 1917 octoberrevolution
    • social democrats- followed George plekhanov version of marxists teaching emphasising the need to encourageworking class consciousness
      • lenin worked with Martov to try and improve pat and lower working hours but lenin got annoyed at the ineffectiveness of this
        • produced a pamphlet in 1901 which had plans in complete over throw of tsar- on paper this was a  big threat but all it did was split the party and pushedTsar to instigate reform by instigative legal workersinterestgroups in 1902

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