Opposition to Regimes in Russia 1855-1964
- Created by: Clare
- Created on: 13-05-13 17:34
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- Opposition to Regimes in Russia 1855-1964
- Political Groups
- Populists
- 'The People's Will'
- Assassinated Alexander II in 1881
- Inspired future revolutionaries
- Bolsheviks
- Gained popularity in Nicholas II and Provisional Government'srule
- September 1917: The Petrograd Soviet was completely dominated by the Bolshevik party
- Bolsheviks
- Formed 'Land and Liberty movement which attempted to politically educate peasants
- 'The People's Will'
- Assassinated Alexander II in 1881
- Inspired future revolutionaries
- Bolsheviks
- Gained popularity in Nicholas II and Provisional Government'srule
- September 1917: The Petrograd Soviet was completely dominated by the Bolshevik party
- Bolsheviks
- 'The People's Will'
- 'The People's Will'
- Social Revolutionaries
- Biggest threat up until October Revolution
- Gained majority in constituent assembly elections with 370 seats but was ended by Lenin as he claimed the elections had been rigged.
- Social Democrats
- Liberals
- Kadets
- Under Nicholas II, more radical liberal movement
- Octobrists
- Accepted October manifesto
- Kadets
- Populists
- Peasantry
- Formed 70-80% of the population of Russia at any given point during the period
- 1861 emancipation edict unleashed a number of disturbance involving 10 000 peasants
- Black Earth Region Revolts
- Stolypin used a great deal of force to put them down
- Lead to land reforms
- Essential part of 1917 revolution
- Opposition to collectivisation
- March 1930: Stalin conceded that collective farms would be optional
- However, by 1939 Stalin had forced 90% of agricultural land to be collectivised
- Many peasants refused to be involved and slaughtered cattle and horses rather than hand them over
- However, by 1939 Stalin had forced 90% of agricultural land to be collectivised
- March 1930: Stalin conceded that collective farms would be optional
- Opposition to war communism led to revolts at Tambov and Volga and forced Lenin to bring in NEP
- Urban Workers
- February Revolution 1917 started as a march for International Women's Day
- Lena Goldfields Massacre 1912
- St Petersburg strikes 1914
- Increased opposition in the Khrushchev years
- Responded with appeasing policies such as a 7hr day and inspections of working conditions
- Heavily repressed under Stalin
- Worker Trials of 1928
- National Minorities
- Poles
- 1863: tried to seize control of national government
- Polish Socialist Party formed 1892
- Brest-Litovsk gave Poland independence but were re-invade in WW2 and then became USSR satellite state
- Ukrainians
- 1863 + 76 Alexander II issued decrees forbidding the publication of books in Ukrainian
- Brest-Litovsk gave the independence but were re-invade in Civil War
- Bread Basket of Russia
- Resisted collectivisation heavily as they knew their value to the Russian economy and were thus purged more harshly
- 1932 Ukrainian Famine
- Resisted collectivisation heavily as they knew their value to the Russian economy and were thus purged more harshly
- Jews
- Heavy repression
- Alexander III had 14000 regulations governing their lives
- Stalin targeted them after WWII
- Jewish Doctors Plot 1953
- Heavy repression
- Poles
- Individuals
- Lenin
- Kamenev, Zinoviev and Rykov all called for a coalition with Social Revolutionaries
- Stalin formed a troika with Kamenev and Zinoviev in order to combat the popularity of Trotsky
- Ban on Opposition 1921
- Stalin
- Power Struggle involved Stalin ousting many leading Bolsheviks from the party
- Kamenev
- Zinoviev
- Bukharin
- Rykov
- Tomsky
- Trotsky
- Show Trials
- Zinoviev
- Kamenev
- Bukharin
- Rykov
- Kossior
- Ordhonikze
- Kuibyshev
- Rudzuki
- Kirov's assassination was arguably the catalyst for the purges of the 1930s. There is debate over whether Stalin assassinated him himself.
- Kirov opposed Stalin's paranoia and calls for vigilance and called for more leniency
- Power Struggle involved Stalin ousting many leading Bolsheviks from the party
- Khrushchev
- Power struggle with Malenkov and Beria
- Beria was later executed on accusation of being a British spy
- Power struggle with Malenkov and Beria
- Provisional Government
- Lenin
- Peace, Land and Bread
- Lead what amounted to an armed coup in October 1917
- Kerensky did try and martial troops to defend the provisional government but was not successful
- Lenin
- Untitled
- Lenin
- Political Groups
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