Personal Rule and the Collapse of Royal Power, 1681-88
- Created by: Tori
- Created on: 14-04-20 19:48
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- Personal Rule and the Collapse of Royal Power, 1681-88
- National turmoil died down after the Oxford Parliament.
- Thus, Charles took steps to strengthen is position:
- The Whig leader (Shaftesbury) fled after being charged with treason.
- Local government charters were amended to remove Whigs from office.
- Charles used the Rye House Plot (1683) as an opportunity to arrest leading Whigs and further weaken his opponents.
- The Plot was fro Cromwellian officers to kill the king.
- Charles defied the Triennial Act by failing to summon parliament (1684).
- Thus, Charles took steps to strengthen is position:
- The Collapse of the Stuart Monarchy, 1685-88
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- Charles died in February 1685.
- His brother James, despite being openly Catholic, was in a strong position to move to the throne.
- Had the support of the Tories and Anglican Church.
- Together it was the majority of the political elite.
- He called Parliament, which was very Tory in it's outlook.
- Granted him substantial funding.
- However, within 3 years James had destroyed their good will.
- Thus, he destoryed any chanced of establishing political stability under his rule.
- In 1688 he was forcibly removed from the throne.
- Thus, he destoryed any chanced of establishing political stability under his rule.
- Had the support of the Tories and Anglican Church.
- His brother James, despite being openly Catholic, was in a strong position to move to the throne.
- Charles died in February 1685.
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- James showed a next level lack of political judgement by supporting Catholicism openly.
- The policies included:
- He appointed Catholics to various offices, including the Privy Council, university fellowships and officers in the army.
- Over 200 Catholics replaced Protestants as Justices of the Peace (JPs)
- James tried to broaden his support in 1687 with the Declaration of Indulgence.
- Suspended laws against both Catholics and dissenters.
- The political classes were prepared to accept these policies because they hoped that James' reign wouldn't last long.
- James was in his mid-50's by this point.
- They also believed that his Protestant daughter Mary would reverse his Catholic policies.
- The policies included:
- James showed a next level lack of political judgement by supporting Catholicism openly.
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- However, 2 important events transformed the political scene.
- - In April 1688, 7 Anglican bishops refused to allow the Declaration of Indulgence to be read in their churches and were put on trial, charged with sedition.
- All 7 were freed amid widespread public celebrations.
- - In June the birth of a son to Queen Mary threatened the permanent establishment of Catholicism in England.
- - In April 1688, 7 Anglican bishops refused to allow the Declaration of Indulgence to be read in their churches and were put on trial, charged with sedition.
- These 2 events led 7 leading politicians, including both Whigs and Tories, to invite William of Orange, Mary's husband to intervene.
- They wanted him to interviene to protect the English church, the country's liberties and to ensure the election of a free parliament.
- When William arrived in November, James lost his cool and fled to France.
- In December, William and Mary were jointly offered the crown.
- However, 2 important events transformed the political scene.
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- National turmoil died down after the Oxford Parliament.
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