WATER - Physical/human factors affecting the drainage basin system
- Created by: aliceoliviaaa
- Created on: 17-05-18 17:34
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- Physical and human factors affecting the drainage basin system.
- Physical
- CLIMATE
- Affects the type and amount of precipitation, and evaporation. (major inputs and outputs). also influences vegetation type.
- SOILS
- affects the amount of infiltration and throughflow (and type of vegetation).
- GEOLOGY
- impacts subsurface processes such as percolation and groundwater flow (and aquifers). also affects soil formation.
- RELIEF
- slopes affect the amount of runoff.
- VEGETATION
- presence of vegetation can impact amount of interception,. infiltration and occurrence of overland flow (and transpiration).
- CLIMATE
- Human
- RIVER MANAGEMENT
- construction of storage reservoirs holds back river flows.
- abstraction of water for domestic and industrial use reduces river flow
- Abstraction of groundwater for irrigation lowers water tables
- DEFORESTATION
- Clearance of trees reduces evapo-transpiration and interception, but increases infiltration and surface runoff.
- CHANGING LAND-USE (AGRICULTURE)
- compaction of soil increases overland flow
- Ploughing increases infiltration by loosening soil and aerating it.
- CHANGING LAND-USE (URBANISATION)
- Urban surfaces (tarmac, concrete) speed up surface runoff and reduce infiltration and percolation
- drains deliver rainfall more quickly to streams and rivers (increases flooding).
- EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, INFILTRATION, GROUNDWATER, SURFACE RUNOFF
- Amazonia - deforestation:lowers humidities, reduces precipitation, more surface runoff and infiltration, more evaporation, less transpiration, more soil erosion.
- RIVER MANAGEMENT
- Physical
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