Plant Classification

?
  • Created by: DJ1803
  • Created on: 20-11-16 10:45
View mindmap
  • Plant Classification
    • Kingdoms: the first/largest group
      • Monera (containing bacteria)
      • Animalia
      • Plantae
        • 10 phyla in the plant kingdom (Plantae)
          • 5 principle Plantae phyla:
            • Bryophyta (Mosses and liverworts)
              • 25,000 species of primitive non-flowering plants that reproduce by spores.
              • They favour damp conditions and have minimal horticultural significance.
            • Pteridophyta (Ferns)
              • 9,000 species of primitive non-flowering vascular plants that reproduce by spores.
              • They are useful decorative plants, especially for damp, shady sites.
            • Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo)
              • This phylum has a single ancient species (Ginkgo biloba) native to China.
              • It is a non-flowering vascular woody plant that produces seed in cones and is closely related to conifers.
              • It is increasingly popular as a street tree.
            • Coniferophyta (Conifers) (Gymnosperms)
              • 550 species of non-flowering, vascular, woody plants that reproduce by seeds borne on cones.
                • All are woody.
                • All are perennial.
                • Cones for seed production.
                • Seeds borne 'naked' on cones.
                • All are wind pollinated.
                • Most are evergreen.
              • Conifers are of considerable economic and horticultural importance for timber and paper production, and amenity use.
              • Most conifers are evergreen and their scale (or needle-like) leaves are adapted to dry conditions.
              • Plant examples:
                • Cupressus spp. (e.g. Cupressus sempervirens "Italian Cypress")
                • Pinus spp. (e.g. Pinus nigra "Austrian Pine")
                • Larix spp. (e.g. Larix kaempferi "Japanese Larch")
                • Sequoia spp. (e.g. Sequoiadendron giganteum "Giant Redwood")
                • Taxus spp. (e.g. Taxus baccata "English Yew")
            • Angiospermophyta (Flowering Plants)
              • The Angiosperms are flowering, vascular plants with over 250,000 species in around 450 families.
                • May be woody or herbaceous.
                • May be annual, biennial or perennial.
                • Flowers for seed production.
                • Seeds contained in the ovary of fruits.
                • May be insect, animal, water or wind pollinated.
                • May be evergreen or deciduous.
              • Seeds are borne inside fruits which develop from flowers.
              • Angiosperms are by far the largest group of plants and are the dominant vegetation on earth, and include all the most important food and commercial crops and ornamental plants.
              • Plant examples:
                • Fagus spp. (e.g. Fagus sylvatica "Copper Beech")
                • Carpinus spp. (e.g. Carpinus betulus "Hornbeam")
                • Malus spp. (e.g. Malus x zumi 'Golden Hornet' "Crab Apple 'Golden Hornet'")
                • Allium spp. (e.g. Allium hollandicum 'Purple Sensation')
                • Rosa spp. (e.g. Rosa glauca)
      • Fungi
      • Protoctista (containing protozoa, algae & various others)
    • Phylum: smaller groups of organisms with more in common.
      • 10 phyla in the plant kingdom (Plantae)
        • 5 principle Plantae phyla:
          • Bryophyta (Mosses and liverworts)
            • 25,000 species of primitive non-flowering plants that reproduce by spores.
            • They favour damp conditions and have minimal horticultural significance.
          • Pteridophyta (Ferns)
            • 9,000 species of primitive non-flowering vascular plants that reproduce by spores.
            • They are useful decorative plants, especially for damp, shady sites.
          • Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo)
            • This phylum has a single ancient species (Ginkgo biloba) native to China.
            • It is a non-flowering vascular woody plant that produces seed in cones and is closely related to conifers.
            • It is increasingly popular as a street tree.
          • Coniferophyta (Conifers) (Gymnosperms)
            • 550 species of non-flowering, vascular, woody plants that reproduce by seeds borne on cones.
              • All are woody.
              • All are perennial.
              • Cones for seed production.
              • Seeds borne 'naked' on cones.
              • All are wind pollinated.
              • Most are evergreen.
            • Conifers are of considerable economic and horticultural importance for timber and paper production, and amenity use.
            • Most conifers are evergreen and their scale (or needle-like) leaves are adapted to dry conditions.
            • Plant examples:
              • Cupressus spp. (e.g. Cupressus sempervirens "Italian Cypress")
              • Pinus spp. (e.g. Pinus nigra "Austrian Pine")
              • Larix spp. (e.g. Larix kaempferi "Japanese Larch")
              • Sequoia spp. (e.g. Sequoiadendron giganteum "Giant Redwood")
              • Taxus spp. (e.g. Taxus baccata "English Yew")
          • Angiospermophyta (Flowering Plants)
            • The Angiosperms are flowering, vascular plants with over 250,000 species in around 450 families.
              • May be woody or herbaceous.
              • May be annual, biennial or perennial.
              • Flowers for seed production.
              • Seeds contained in the ovary of fruits.
              • May be insect, animal, water or wind pollinated.
              • May be evergreen or deciduous.
            • Seeds are borne inside fruits which develop from flowers.
            • Angiosperms are by far the largest group of plants and are the dominant vegetation on earth, and include all the most important food and commercial crops and ornamental plants.
            • Plant examples:
              • Fagus spp. (e.g. Fagus sylvatica "Copper Beech")
              • Carpinus spp. (e.g. Carpinus betulus "Hornbeam")
              • Malus spp. (e.g. Malus x zumi 'Golden Hornet' "Crab Apple 'Golden Hornet'")
              • Allium spp. (e.g. Allium hollandicum 'Purple Sensation')
              • Rosa spp. (e.g. Rosa glauca)
    • Class: Phyla are divided into groups that have even more in common.
      • Two of the most important classes are a division of the phylum 'flowering plants'.
        • Monocotyledons (e.g. grasses, lily, iris)
          • Strap-like leaves with parallel veins.
          • Scattered vascular bundles in stems.
          • One cotyledon (seed leaf).
          • Flower parts (petals, sepals etc.) in 3's or multiples of 3.
        • Dicotyledons (e.g. rose, oak, laurel)
          • Broad leaves with netted vein patterns.
          • Vascular bundles in rings in stems.
          • Two cotyledons (seed leaves).
          • Flower parts in multiples of 2, 4 or 5.
    • Order: are groups of families.
      • e.g. Fagales (containing the beech and birch families)
        • ORDER: Fagales
        • CLASS: Dicotyledon
        • PHYLUM: Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)
        • KINGDOM: Plantae
        • COMMON NAME: English Oak (Quercus robur)
    • To enable living organisms to be studied they are sorted into groups with common characteristics.
    • Taxonomy: the science of classification.
    • Used to organise knowledge, provide an inventory, to identify, as a communication tool.
    • A hierarchical system where groups are subdivided many times into smaller groups, each with more in common.
    • Plants may be reclassified as more information becomes available about their origin and make-up.

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Other resources:

See all Other resources »See all Plant Classification, Structure and Function resources »