Political Developments and Conflicts Pt.3

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  • Political Developments and Conflicts Pt.3
    • Continuing Crisis
      • Although Charles had beaten Exclusion with the dissolution of parliament in 1681, there was more.
      • Charles still had people politically opposed to him now, and his brother.
      • Failed to get settlement with parliament.
      • He was forced to rely on Louis XIV
    • Why Exclusion failed
      • Charles' finance
      • Conservativism of the Lords and the Church
      • Wider support.
      • Prerogative powers of prorogation and dissolution.
      • Loyalism resurged.
      • Radicalism of exclusion.
      • Limits of Whigs support.
      • Persecution
      • Scotland
    • James II and his attempts of absolutism 1685-88
      • James came to the throne in a very strong position after Charles' death in 1685
        • Strongly because of the Tory-crown alliance.
      • James naturally authoritarian and inflexible.
        • Regarded all opposition as treason
        • Position was weak because of open catholicism.
        • Aim was to improve position of Catholics.
      • Historians disagree about whether James wanted absolutism.
        • Understandable given exclusion crisis.
    • 1685 rebellions
      • In Scotland, Argyll led a rising in 1685 against James in the highlands. It fauled.
        • James then appointed Catholics to powerful positions to assert his control
      • Charles II's illegitimate son planned a rebellion in west of england. But rebels were crushed by the standing army the same year.
        • Monmouth (son) was executed
          • 250 more executed and 800 shipped to the west indies as slaves
    • James First Parliament 1685
      • Mainly Tories
      • James given  funds so he had income of £2million every year.
      • James' army allowed to extend to 20,000 troops by December 1685.
      • James used these powers to appoint 90 catholic officers.
        • Parliament protested.
        • Parliament said only they could exempt catholics from test act.
          • James then progued parliament after it sitting less than 2 weeks.

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