Geography
- Created by: charlie scrutton
- Created on: 21-03-16 20:07
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- Restless Earth
- Earth's Layers
- Core- Consists of a liquid outer core and a solid inner core.
- Mantle- divided into solid upper part and semi liquid lower part, which can flow.
- Convection Currents
- 1) The core heats the molten rock in the mantle to create a convection current.
- 2) Heated rock from the mantle rises to the Earth's surface.
- 3) At the surface the convection currents move the tectonic plates in the crust.
- 4) Molten rock cools and flows back to the core to be reheated.
- Convection Currents
- Crust- made from thin layers of tectonic plates.
- Types of Plate Boundaries
- Destructive:
- Example: Nazca Plate and South American Plate
- Two plates collide, one plate flows beneath another (subduction)
- Many earthquakes and volcanoes
- Collision:
- Example: Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates
- Two continental plates collide and the two plates buckle
- Many Earthquakes
- Constructive:
- Example: Eurasian and North American plates
- Rising convection currents pull crust apart forming volcanic ridge.
- Conservative:
- Example: San Andreas Fault, California
- Earthquakes
- Two plates slide past each other
- Destructive:
- Type of volcano
- Composite
- found on destructive plate boundaries.Are formed by eruptions of viscous, sticky lava and ash that don't flow far.
- Shield
- found on constructive plate boundaries. Are formed by eruptions of thin, runny lava which flows a long way before it solidifies.
- Composite
- Managing earthquakes and volcanic hazards
- Difficulties: Hard to predict. Exactly where it will happen. How big it will be. How many people live there.
- Observations: Animales and birds moving away from the area. An increase in gas emissions. An increase in soil temperature. The volcano is swelling. Water in ponds get warmer.
- Buildings: Digging deeper foundations. Reinforce gas and water pipes so they don't break. Installing a ring beam at roof level to stop walls falling outwards.
- Case Study:
- Haiti Earthquake: 316,000 people died. Over 250,000 homes and 30,000 offices and factories destroyed or so badly damaged they had to be demolished. Roads blocked by rubble.
- Primary Impacts
- Injured and dead trapped under rubble.
- People sleeping in the streets for fear of more earthquakes
- Phone and power lines down
- Streets blocked by huge piles of rubble from collapsed buildings.
- Primary Impacts
- Haiti Earthquake: 316,000 people died. Over 250,000 homes and 30,000 offices and factories destroyed or so badly damaged they had to be demolished. Roads blocked by rubble.
- Earth's Layers
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