Russia from Tsardom to communism1914-1924
- Created by: Ellie
- Created on: 09-06-13 11:17
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- Russia from Tsardom to Communism 1914-1924
- Why the rule of the Tsar collapsed in 1917
- The government
- Autocrat
- supported by
- Aristocracy
- church
- army
- Peasants
- civil service
- cencorship
- The Okhrana
- Nicholas 2nd
- German Wife
- 4 daughters
- Son : Alexis haemophilia
- Society
- Poor communications
- Behind industrially
- Poor living conditions
- low wages
- food shortages
- out dated farming methods
- Most people couldn't read or write
- Finns Estonians Poles and Latvians wanted independence
- Opposition groups
- Socialist revolutionaries
- largest &most violent
- supported by peasants
- they wanted to abolish private owner ship of land
- they killed 2 government officials and members of the Okhrana
- Social democratic party
- Karl Marx
- communism
- Bolsheviks
- Wanted a revolution
- Lenin
- Mensheviks
- Believed Russia was not ready for a revolution
- Kadets
- Paul Miliukov
- civil servants
- worked within the laws to bring about change through the Duma
- Socialist revolutionaries
- Unpopularity of the romanovs
- The Tsar was away from Petrograd for long periods of time
- Alexandra was in charge
- People thought Alexandra was a german spy
- Rasputin
- monk
- seemed to be able to cure Alexis' haemophilia
- Womanizer and alcoholic
- huge influence on the Romanovs
- killend in 1916
- The government
- The impact of the first world war on Russia
- Initial patriotism
- Society was initially patriotic
- 1914
- Military defeats
- increased unpopularity of the Tsar
- Soldiers were poorly equipped
- The Tsar took command of the army in 1915
- Effects on the cities
- overcrowding
- low wages
- high prices
- food and fuel shortages
- Transport dislocation
- priority was given to war transport
- engineers were at war so things weren't repaired
- Initial patriotism
- The abdication of the Tsar in March 1917
- Workers took strike in Petrograd
- The Tsar ordered the troops to stop the protests and instead they joined in
- When the Tsar tried to return to Petrograd his train was stopped and army commanders persuaded him to abdicate
- Why were the Bolsheviks able to seize power
- Problems facing the provisional government
- Sharing power with the soviets who only carried out orders if they wanted
- inherited economic state
- Peasants took over land owners estates the countryside was in chaos
- opposition parties were thriving
- the war
- Failures of the Provisional government
- Prime minister Prince Lvov was replaced by Kerensky
- Lenin returned from Germany and announced his april theses
- They waged an offence against Germany and Austria and ended up losing
- armed forces deserted war
- General Kornilov led a march on Petrograd but was stopped by the Bolsheviks ordered to do so by the Provisional government
- The growth of the Bolshevik organisation
- They attempted a revolution in July and failed weakening the Bolshevik image
- largest Party in Petrograd Soviet
- Trotsky became chairman of the military revolutionary committee in 1917
- Problems facing the provisional government
- The October/ November revolution 1917
- Bolshevik seizure of power
- Lenin and Trotsky planned it
- Night of the 6th November
- Bolsheviks took control of bridges stations and banks in and around Petrograd
- Night of the 7th of November
- the Aurora fired shots towards the Winter palace and Red guards attacked the place and found very little opposition
- Early on the 8th of Novemberr
- Lenin announced the Bolsheviks were in charge
- Reasons for Bolshevik success
- unpopularity of the provisional government
- Lenins organisation and campaigning their slogan was Peace Bread Land
- good planning by Trotsky
- Bolshevik seizure of power
- Russian society under Lenin and the end of the first world war
- Totalitarian rule
- Dictatorship of the Proletariat
- Didn't have the support of most Russians
- Lenin became a dictator his secret police were the Cheka
- Abolished private ownership of land
- food shortages
- Wanted to collectivise farming
- The end of the first world war
- Ceasefire in December 1917
- Trotsky negotiated terms
- The treaty of Brest Litovsk
- Lost territory
- Lost coal and iron resources
- lost 1/3 of its population
- Paid 300 million cold roubles
- Totalitarian rule
- The causes and nature of the Civil war 1918-1921
- opposition
- Whites
- Tsarists
- Menshviks
- Social revolutionaries
- Foreign powers
- Japan
- France
- America
- Britain
- Bolshevik threats
- The Czech Legion
- former war prisoners seized the trans siberian railway
- Admiral Kolchak
- Set up a white government in Siberia and was marching on Moscow
- General Denkin
- Advancing his army from Southern Russia
- General Yudenich
- Advancing his armies from Northern Russia
- Foreign powers
- Supplied Whites with weapons then later landed troops
- The Czech Legion
- Bolshevik victory
- late 1920
- Bolshevik strengths
- Organised
- Good communication
- Propaganda
- Cheka kept control of Bolshevik controlled areas
- Whites weaknesses
- No agreed aim
- Disliked each other
- Spread thin
- ruthless
- The creation of the USSR
- December 1922
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
- Came into effect in 1924
- Lenin created it
- opposition
- Economic problems - War communism and the New economic policy
- War Communism
- Land and industry were nationalised
- Harsh discipline in factories
- Food and coal were rationed
- Peasants had to give surplus products to the government
- The cost of the civil war and war communism
- made workers poor and angry
- famine in the country side
- The Kronstadt mutiny
- Sailors who were leading supporters of the Bolsheviks revolted against war communism in february 1921
- The New Economic Policy
- March 1921
- Measures:
- Peasants keep surplus to make a profit
- Small factories had private ownership
- Small businesses could be run to make a profit
- War Communism
- Why the rule of the Tsar collapsed in 1917
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