Samba Em Preludio Revision mindmap GCSE 9-1

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  • Samba Em Preludio
    • Context
      • Bossa Nova, which takes the rich and complex harmonies of American Jazz and fuses it with the rhythm of Brazilian Samba.
      • Lyrics in Portuguese
    • Resources
      • Female voice in a low tessitura
      • The acoustic bass guitar features broken chords, double stopping, scale patterns and ornaments, such as a mordent in bar 1.
    • Harmony
      • The chords are complex as they are based on the rich harmonies of cool American Jazz.
      • Chord extensions are used, along with chromatic chords, like the diminished 7th in bar 33.
      • Many chords have extensions and chromatic alterations, typical of cool jazz.
      • An extended chord (usually an 11th) would be usually used to end a jazz piece. Here the final chord is labelled Bm13, though is actually Bm#13 as the 13th is G#. The B in the bass is the tonic, but this soon dies away, leaving a shimmering discord and deliberately avoiding any sense of finality.
    • Texture
      • The texture in bars 1-3 is monophonic, apart from some two double stops.
      • Most of the piece is homophonic, although the combination of two independent lines in bars 88-103 is contrapuntal.
    • Melody
      • The first or second note of every phrase falls by a step, creating a free downward sequence. This, accompanied with the low tessitura and minor key, create a sad mood, which is designed to portray the melancholy lyrics.
      • Melody B is almost entirely conjunct.
      • Syllabic word setting.
    • Metre, Tempo and Rhythm
      • The song is in simple quadruple time. The 5/4 in bar 3 is just a way of expressing the free tempo.
      • The first three bars have an improvisatory character, achieved through a rubato (tiny fluctuations in tempo for an expressive effect)
      • Frequent use of triplets and syncopation.
      • Use of cross rhythm, which is when two rhythmic patterns that conflict with each other occur simultaneously.
    • Tonality
      • B minor with no modulations, although there are many chromatic notes.

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