Section A: Political Parties
- Created by: AlevelWarrior
- Created on: 21-08-19 11:10
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- Section A - Political Parties
- Function of Political Parties
- Major Political Party - A party with significant representation and has consistent support.
- Minor Political Party - An emerging or considered a 'fringe' party, often with small ad very specific groups of support.
- Functions - Any group within a party that deviates from party belief on one issue or more.
- In the UK all parties should fulfil all the criteria, however the tend to differ from the norm, for example, The Green Party don't have a leader and are relatively successful and political parties don't always educate the people and leave the majority blind sided and confused.
- Mandate - an order or instruction thats mandatory - gives authority to a person or body.
- Features of Political Parties
- They have to be organised - have a formal set of guidelines and a clear structure. Some expectations are The Green Party (who maintained an informal approach)
- They will develop policies and programmes to present to the public to secure election victories - separates them from pressure groups.
- Have political ideologies, values that underpin what they do.
- They have the goal of securing public office -failure may consider them to not be a political party.
- They seek public support for their policies, most will develop strategies to target key areas, age, ethnicity, location, They use social media or other sources.
- Select suitable candidates to stand for election to make themselves more appealing.
- Have a leader to guide direction (one exception being the green party.)
- Members are unified by a common belief or view.
- Conservative Party
- Aim: To maintain tradition, protect the interests of the nation and to avoid radical and untested change.
- Traditional Conservatives
- Taxation: Business and individuals should be kept to a minimum amount of tax.
- Welfare & its services: 'Organic Society' by the One- Nation Cons - Everyone works together to achieve a common goal. However failed as individuals pursued their own.
- Economic Management: Freedom and private ownership to the means of production.
- Law & Order: The One Nation valued stability & protection. The 'need' of order resulted in severe punishments.
- Role of the State: Kept to a minimum in terms of intervention, nor should it never seek political, social or economic change.
- Foreign Policy: One Nation Conservatives wanted mono-culturism, basically avoiding any other country or foreign policy.
- Thatcher's New Right
- Taxation: Reduce tax for top earners from 80% to 60%. People kept more of their money as an incentive to work.
- Welfare state & its services: Toughen up the limits of benefits and stop the dependency culture. Make people work for their money! (Milk snatcher :'( )
- Economic Management: Took the 'dialing out' approach to avoid any intervention with business & industries that are declining, as well as the economy.
- Law & Order: Authoritarian approach, creating long and severe punishments to create a sense of deterrence from crime with fear.
- Role of the State: Laissez-faire approach, the gov. disengaged with business and welfare policy as much as possibly.
- Foreign Policy; Supported Monoculturalism (links with traditional) and avoided all integration with Europe. England as a unique identity.
- Cameron's Conservative
- Taxation; Increase inheritance tax, as well as thresholds for households increased. Raised 40% income tax thresholds to £50,000.
- Welfare & it's services: No one working 30 Hours on Min wage pays tax. Reduced the benefits cap to £23,00 as well as pledged to the NHS spending £8bn by 2020.
- Economic Management; Save some money & attempt to decrease the deficit.
- Law & Order; Originally, has a soft approach, but from 2011 the riots, David clamped down on, particularly youth crime.
- Role of the State; Intervention where it need. BUT stay away.
- Foreign Policy: Scrap the Human Rights Act and introduce BBOR & introduced the Brexit referendum.
- May's Conservative
- Taxation: Scrapped Cameron's "triple lock" approach. And a commitment to raise tex tax free allowance to £12,500 by 2020;
- Welfare & It's services: Fund the NHS and support the elderly. Replacing old services with new ones.
- Law & Order; Stronger on crime and longer sentences. Clamp down on fraud and youth crime. Pledged to modernise prisons and invest £1bn.
- Economic Management: Make a reasonable amount of money and reduce the deficit.
- Role of the State: Intervine where necessary but as least as possible and favours private ownership.
- Foreign Policy; Maintain the defense pledge to spend more money on defense and increase the budget.
- Labour Party
- Old Labour
- Capitalism: Needs firm controls, move towards collectivism.
- Welfare & its services: Increase benefits for the poor and maintain regulations.
- Economic Management: Tax at higher rates during the recession and help using tax money during the depression. - Keynesian Economics.
- Law & Order: Focus on the cause of crime to prevent the issues that lead to the rise in crime (g. financial insecurity.)
- Foreign Policy: Increase foreign aid and help everyone.
- New Labour
- Capitalism: Is necessary & encourage business if its in the public interests.
- Welfare & its services: Retain the welfare state, but increase regulations on who can actually claim benefits & vice versa.
- Economic Management: More capitalistic approach as they favour private business as long as its in the public interests.
- Law & Order: Hasher, more conservative views on punishment. Less on rehabilitation and more on punishment.
- Foreign Policy: reform in europe (change their regulations). Increase foreign aid. They campaigned to cancel their world debt as well as for more free-market policies in world trade.
- Miliband's Labour
- Capitalism: Private earning is beneficial but there should be a top tax for top earners.
- Welfare & its services: More money towards education and healthcare sectors.
- Economic Management: Sav money where possible and reduce the deficit. Similar approach to Cameron's and May's Conservative.
- Law & Order: Focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
- Foreign Policy: Britain remain in the EU but reform EU ush for zero global emissions and establish a centre for universal health coverage.
- Corbyn's Labour
- Capitalism: Should be controlled and financial equality should be secured through the use of a 'top tax'.
- Welfare & its services: Improve healthcare (2£bn) and educaion along with benefits.
- Economic Management: Take an active role and proposed a "People's Quantitative Easing" - allowing the bank of england to print money to invest in new large scale housing, energy, transport and digital project.
- Law & Order: Focused on rehabilitation and focus on fixing problems that punishing them. Very ANTI-WAR!
- Foreign Policy: Accepted the referendum result and looking for a soft brexit as well as they want to increase foreign aid and help for third world countries.
- AIM: To emphasise greater state intervention, social justice and strengthening workers' rights.
- Old Labour
- The Liberal Democrats
- Welfare State & its services: Extra funding for the NHS (£6bn.), Housing benefits for 18-20 years old. Regulated cannabis market and paid paternity leave for new fathers (monthly.)
- Economy Management: Increases minimum wage for 16+ expect apprenticeships.
- Taxation: Replace counsel tax with local income tax. and Lower the tax rates.
- Foreign Policy: Very Pro-EU: "Protect Britain's place in the EU and oppose brexit!". Second referendum for brexit. Retain the membership for the single market and customs union and allow the free movement of EU citizens.
- Law & Order: Make prisoners work to compensate for victims families. Replace short-term sentences with rigorously enforced community sentences - removing prison building programmes. Focus on treatment rather than punishment for drug addicts.
- Nationalism in Politics
- The idea to take an emotional approach rather than a logical one. It takes longer to feel apart of a nation than to just become on.
- Emerging Parties in the UK: The SNP, UKIP and The Green Party.
- Function of Political Parties
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