Shapes and Isomerism
- Created by: HollyNapier
- Created on: 26-09-14 09:03
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- Shapes and Isomerism
- Structural Isomerism
- Postitional
- When a molecule has a different position of its functional group
- Example - alcohols
- Pentan-1-ol
- Pentan-2-ol
- Pentan-3-ol
- Chain
- When a straight chained molecule is turned into a branched molecule
- Example - butane and 2-methylpropane
- Functional Group
- When isomers contain different functional groups
- Example - aldehydes and ketones
- Both have the formula C3H6O
- Propanal
- Propanone
- Both have the formula C3H6O
- Postitional
- Stereoisomerism
- Optical
- Molecule must have a chiral centre (an atom which have 4 different atoms or groups of atoms attached to it)
- Molecules are mirror images of each other
- Example - the 2 enantiomers of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid
- Geometric
- Known as E/Z isomerism
- Position of the functional groups
- E - different sides
- Example - trans-1,2-dichloroethene
- Z - same side
- Example - cis-1,2-dichloroethene
- E - different sides
- Restricted rotation around the C-C double bond
- Stereoisomers have the same molecular formula and have their atoms bonded in the same order but are arranged differently
- Optical
- Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different structure
- Structural Isomerism
- Example - the 2 enantiomers of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid
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