Social psychology- Constructing of the self
- Created by: Amy
- Created on: 22-12-21 11:59
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- Constructing the self
- Social construction
- We build our own realities and our own view of the world (Wetherll & Maybis 1996)
- happens via social interactions of norms, a performance of sorts eg social construction of gender
- The self
- William James (1842-1910)- a man's self is the sum of total of all that he can call his (the principles of Psychology 1890)- the material self, the social self, the spiritual self and the pure ego
- Decolonising our view of the self
- Western preoccupation with the self is not universal
- Hamaguchi (1985)- in Japan (a highly collectivitst culture) the word for self (Jibun) means 'ones portion of the shared space'
- WEIRD- western, educated, industrialised, rich, democratic
- The self more recently
- Indidvidual vs collective self
- Social identity (Tajfel)- construction of the self is defined broadly as by shared self-definitions with group members
- The looking glass self- how we see ourselves derives from how we think others see us
- Symbolic interactionist self eg Blumer (1969)- how we present ourselves is seeped in symbolic meaning
- The multiple self- Aspects framework (McConnel 2011)
- The self- collection of multiple context dependent selves (each have attributes and traits)
- Affect (how you view yourself) then reflects the evaluation of one's self-aspects
- feedback about a self-aspect influences evaluations of other self aspects that are positive
- Indidvidual vs collective self
- The development of self-awareness
- objective self-awareness (aware of yourself as an object)
- Lewis & Brooks-Gunn (1979)- babies between 9 moths and 2 years, 18 months olds tried to touch their nose
- Private vs public self-awareness
- Private- you are aware of your own thoughts and feelings, 'I want my behaviour to allow me to think of myself as a good person and meet my standards'
- positive correlation of naturally more privately self aware ps and negative mood (Scheier & Carver 1977)
- Increased self awareness linked ti increased honesty, (Bender et al 2018) put children in front of a mirror and they were more honest
- Attention directed inwardly
- Consequences of private self-awareness
- Gibbons et al (1975)- ps less susceptible to 'placebo' when in the presence of a mirror, ps told they were given a performance enhancing drug then they worked on a set of arithmetic problems
- positive correlation of naturally more privately self aware ps and negative mood (Scheier & Carver 1977)
- Public- you're aware of how others see you eg the looking glass self, 'I want others to think I'm a good person and match their standards'
- William James (1980) 'a man has as many selves as there are individuals who recognise him'
- Scheier & Carver (1980)- ps wrote counter attitudinal essays, more likely to change attitude in presence of camera (public), more likely to reinterpret behaviour in presence of of mirror (public)
- Private- you are aware of your own thoughts and feelings, 'I want my behaviour to allow me to think of myself as a good person and meet my standards'
- Self-concept- sense of self
- Self< >Ingroup< >Outgroup
- Theories of self concept maintenance
- Control theory of self regulation (Carver & Scheier 1981), we examine the self to assess whether we are meeting our personal goals
- Social comparison-we learn how to define the self by comparing ourselves to others, we make two types of comparisons- upward comparisons and downward comparisons, we typically try to see ourselves in a good light
- Brown & Tiggeman (2016)- social media promtes unattainable targets- detriment of social comparison
- Social comparison-we learn how to define the self by comparing ourselves to others, we make two types of comparisons- upward comparisons and downward comparisons, we typically try to see ourselves in a good light
- Regulatory focus theory (Higgins 1997)- two separate systems to construct a sense of self
- promotion system- aspirations, hopes, seek out positive events
- Prevention system- avoiding/ preventing negative events
- Self evaluation maintenance model (Tesser 1988)
- two components: reflective process and comparison process
- When someone is more successful than us it can have a negative effect on our self-esteem
- Self esteem
- a person's subjective appraisal of themself as intrinsically positive or negative to some degree (Sedikides & Gregg 2003)
- positive 'feedback loop' (Harris & Orth 2020)
- Self esteem maintenance strategies (Tesser 1988)
- exaggerate the ability of successful target, change the target of the comparison, distance the self from the successful atrget, devalue the dimension of comparison
- Self esteem
- Control theory of self regulation (Carver & Scheier 1981), we examine the self to assess whether we are meeting our personal goals
- Social construction
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