Sociology- Deaths
- Created by: Daisymac
- Created on: 08-03-19 09:05
View mindmap
- Deaths
- What?
- Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand of the population
- In 1900 the death rate was 19 but in 2012 it was 8.9
- Why it has declined?
- Tranter 1996 argued over three quarters of the decline in death rates from 1850 to 1970 was due to fall in deaths from infectious diseases
- By the 1950s, Diseases of affluence such as heart disease and cancers were the main cause of death
- Improved nutrition
- McKeown 1972 argues that the improved nutrition accounted for up to half the reduction in death rates, especially for cases of TB
- Wasn't able to explain why women, who receive a smaller share of family food supply, lived longer than males
- Also can't explain why deaths from infectious diseases actually rose at a time of improving nutrition
- Medical improvements
- Before 1950s, medical improvements played no part in the reduction of deaths from infectious diseases
- Improved medical knowledge, techniques and organisation has helped to reduce death rates from infectious disease
- EG. Introduction of antibiotics, immunization, blood transfusion, improved maternity services and NHS in1948
- Smoking and diet
- Harper- Biggest reduction by people not smoking
- But in 21st century, obesity has replaced smoking as the new lifestyle epidemic
- Deaths from obesity have been kept low as a result of drug therapies
- Suggests that we may be moving to an American health structure where we have unhealthy lifestyles but a long lifespan is achieved through costly healthcare
- Public health measures
- More effective central and local government with the necessary power to enforce laws
- Improvements in housing, better ventilated,less overcrowded, purer water,pasteurization of milk improved sewage disposal
- Clean Air acts 1952
- Other social changes
- Decline of dangerous manual occupations eg. mining
- Smaller families reduced the rate of transmission of infection
- Greater public knowledge of causes of illness
- Higher incomes allowing for a healthier lifestyle
- Life expectancy
- Refers to how long on average a person born in a given year can expect to live
- Males born in England 1900- Men=50 women=56
- 2017- men=79.2 women=82.9
- High infant mortality rate in 1900s
- Class,gender and regional differences
- Women generally live longer than men
- Those living in North and Scotland have a lower life expectancy than those in the south
- WC men in unskilled jobs are 3 times more likely to die before 65 than MC
- Untitled
- What?
Comments
No comments have yet been made