PSYCHOLOGY UNIT1 STEREOTYPING
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?- Created by: Lauren
- Created on: 16-01-13 14:09
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- STEREOTYPING
- STEROTYPING: oversimplified, generalised set of ideas that we have about others
- Negative and positive stereotypes
- Can stop us from seeing real person e.g. gealousy
- Remember info about people e.g. friends
- Promote harmful pictures e.g. I am not white trash
- Enable us to respond appropriately e.g. first day of college
- Negative and positive stereotypes
- DISCRIMINATION: Treat someone differently because they belong to a certain group
- GENDER DISCRIMINATION(NEGATIVE):Women often discriminated against in a work place me discriminated against in the home.
- RACIAL DISCRIMINATION(POSITIVE): Top business starts to employ other ethnicities as satff are 80% Japanese-UK summer training camp recruits from other countries.
- SOCIAL IDENTITY: TAJFEL
- RESULTS: Awarded points choosing pairings that created biggest difference between the groups.
- METHOD: 15-15year olds. 2Groups given a game- award pairs of points. told points could be swapped for prizzes
- CONCLUSION: discriminate members of the out-group
- AIM: Shows how easily people discriminate against there out groups
- CREATING EMPATHY: ELLIOT
- RESULTS: Behave according to stereotype. Children told that they were better- were more dominant, produced better work an treated blue eyed badly. 9years later: 18years old-more tolerant an more opposed to prejudice.
- METHOD: Day 1: 2groups. blue eyed and brown eyed. Blue eyed better and more intelligent than brown eyed people they wore collars. Day 2: They swapped roles. Day 3: told there were no differences between each other.
- CONCLUSION: Effective of reducing prejudice in the long term
- AIM: Making people feel discriminated against-stop discriminating in future.
- PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH IN TO REDUCINGPREJUDICE
- ELLIOT
- BENIFITS: works well on young children
- IMPLICATION OF REAL LIFE: made to feel the negative effects
- DRAWBACKS: ethical reasons
- ARONSON
- BENIFITS: easy to do in certain settings
- IMPLICATION OF REAL LIFE: different races should work together in groups
- DRAWBACKS: Not easy to do in all settings
- HARWOOD
- BENIFITS: works well with young children
- IMPLICATION OF REAL LIFE: regular contact
- DRAWBACKS: not always possible
- SHERIF
- BENEFITS: useful if tasks in community that need groups help
- IMPLICATION OF REAL LIFE: should work together on shared task
- DRAWBACKS: Doesn't work if no tasks to do
- ELLIOT
- PREJUDICE: General attitude about a person or group of people based on characteristics that are members of a group
- RACIAL PRJUDICE(POSITIVE): Japanese people are skilled, Chinese best at martial arts.
- GENDER PREJUDICE (NEGATIVE): Women not efficient in high powered jobs, men not capable of parenting
- AUTHHORITARIAN PERSONALITY: ADORNO ET AL
- RESULTS: Particular pattern of personality characteristics they called it authoritarian personality
- Method: Interviewed hundreds using F-SCALE(FASCIST)Measure responses to a series of questions.
- CONCLUSION: People with it are more likely to be prejudiced to others
- AIM: idea certain types of personality more likely to be prejudices
- INTER-GROUP CONFLICT THEORY: SHERIF ET AL- ROBBERS CAVE
- AIM: Prejudice develops-groups in competition for scarce resources
- METHOD:12year old boys. summer camp. 22boys. put in 2 separate groups- didn't know other group existed. given time to settle in to form group identity. competitions were set up between the two groups.
- RESULTS: dislike very quickly began to fight. More aggressive boys became leaders.
- CONCLUSION: Competition brings people together, encourages them to be prejudiced
- REDUCING PREJUDICE
- CO-OPERATION TECHNIQUE: SHERIF
- RESULTS: After several tasks conflict disappeared. several boys became good friends from each group.
- METHOD:Boys at robbers camp-pull truck back to camp for lunch time. They had to work as one big group.
- CONCLUSION: Reduced inter-group conflict
- AIM: Co-operation strategies help to reduce prejudice
- JIGSAW TECHNIQUE: ARONSON
- RESULTS: positive perceptions of those in their group that were from racial groups. stereotypes of other racial groups thought people in their group were exceptions to the rule.
- METHOD: Racially mixed students- work together and present work to rest of class.
- CONCLUSION: break down some racial stereotypes but new attitudes not applied to different settings.
- AIM: Working with different races helps reduce prejudice.
- CO-OPERATION TECHNIQUE: SHERIF
- INCREASING CONTACT: HARWOOD
- RESULTS: Regular contact with their grandparents helpd more positive views.
- METHOD: Children interviewed and asked their relationships. Asked their views on elderly people
- CONCLUSION: contact with grandparent can reduce prejudice
- AIM: If prejudice towards the elderly is reduced when the amount of contact is increased
- STEROTYPING: oversimplified, generalised set of ideas that we have about others
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