Stable Angina

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  • Stable Angina
    • Chest pain caused by insufficient blood flow    to the myocardium
      • Usually caused by coronary artery disease
    • Usually occurs PREDICTABLY after physical exertion or emotional stress
      • Can also be caused by eating large meal or exposure to cold
    • Relieved within minutes of rest
      • or with a dose of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)
        • 1-2 sprays under the tongue prn
          • If no improvement within 5 mins - repeat dose
            • If still no improvement after another 5 mins then call 999
    • Management
      • Lifestyle modifications:
        • Smoking cessation
        • Cardio-protective diet
        • Limit alcohol
        • Weight loss if overweight
        • Increased activity levels
      • Drug treatment:
        • Sublingual GTN for rapid relief
          • Also to be used before known activities to cause angina
        • Regular treatment
          • 1st line: beta-blocker or CCB
          • 2nd line: long-acting nitrate (isosorbide mononitrate) or nicorandil, ivabradine, ranolazine
        • If symptom control is poor on max dose then add in another of different class
          • If this fails then refer to cardiologist
      • Secondary Prevention
        • Antiplatelet - Aspirin 75mg OD
        • ACE inhibitor
        • Statin if appropriate
        • Anti-hypertensives if appropriate
    • Medication Interactions
      • Concomitant use of a nitrate and vardenafil is CONTRA-INDICATED
      • 24hrs between a dose of sildenafil and a nitrate
      • 48 hrs between a dose of tadalafil and a nitrate
      • If there is an angina attack within a dose then patient should call 999
  • Nitrates
    • Converts to nitric oxide (NO) - a potent vasodilator
    • Prolonged use of nitrates leads to tolerance and reduces its effectiveness over time
      • Nitrate-free period required
    • Common side effects: headaches, dizziness, flushing

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