Techtonics
- Created by: Sailing26880
- Created on: 14-05-18 13:58
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- Tectonics
- Innercore
- Outercore
- Mantle
- Crust
- Surface temp to 400C, less dense, surface and body waves pass through
- 870C, medium density, body waves pass through
- Crust
- 4000-6000C, liquid and dense, only P waves can pass through, creates magnetic field
- Mantle
- 6000C only P waves reach here
- Outercore
- Plate Boundaries
- Destructive/convergent
- OC, deep ocean trench, V, EQ, fold mountains
- OO, deep ocean trench, V, EQ, Island arcs
- CC, fold mountains EQ
- OO, deep ocean trench, V, EQ, Island arcs
- OC, deep ocean trench, V, EQ, fold mountains
- Constructive/divergent
- Mid Ocean RIdges
- Rift Valleys
- Mid Ocean RIdges
- Conservative
- EQ
- Destructive/convergent
- Earthquakes (EQ)
- P waves
- fastest and first to reach surface, travel through solids and liquids
- S waves
- Slower than P waves only travel through solids more damaging
- L waves
- slowest but cause most damage, type of surface waves
- Measuring
- Richter Scale
- Modified Mercalli Scale
- Moment Magnitude Scale
- logarithmic scale of total amount of energy released by an EQ the moment it occurs
- take observation from people, I to XII
- Moment Magnitude Scale
- base 10, logarithmic scale, defining magnitude of the ratio of amplitude
- Modified Mercalli Scale
- Richter Scale
- Effects
- Primary, ground shaking, crustal fracturing
- Secondary, Liquefaction, landslides, tsunami
- Prediction - no method yet
- Secondary, Liquefaction, landslides, tsunami
- Primary, ground shaking, crustal fracturing
- Italy 'L'Aquila' earthquake
- Nepal "Gorkha" Earthquake
- P waves
- Volcanoes
- 500 million people worldwide are at risk from hazards
- Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) logarithmic scale from 0-8
- FACTORS: height of material ejected; how long eruption lasts; qualitative description
- PREDICTION: small EQ, changes to surface of volcano, changes in tilt of volcano, NOT 100% ACCURATE
- FACTORS: height of material ejected; how long eruption lasts; qualitative description
- effects
- Primary, lava flows, pyroclastic flows, Tephra and ash falls, Gas eruptions
- Secondary, lahars, Jokulhlaups
- Primary, lava flows, pyroclastic flows, Tephra and ash falls, Gas eruptions
- Monserrat, Soufriere Hills
- Indionesia, Mt Merapi
- Iceland, under Eyjafjallajokull Ice Cap
- Indionesia, Mt Merapi
- Tsunami
- formed the same way a wave is but there is a larger displacement of water
- Predicting - early warning system, buoy and DART (Deep ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami) system
- They can be very destructive and cause collapsing buildings and trees which cause most deaths
- Boxing Day Tsunami
- Japan Tsunami
- Risk = (Hazard * Vulnerability) / capacity to cope
- The Philippines a multiple Hazard Zone
- Hazard Management cycle, Mitigation, Preparation, Response, Recovery
- Government hazard-mitigation strategies
- Land Use Zoning, Diverting Lava Flows, GIS Mapping,Hazard Resistant Design
- Hazard Adaptation Strategies
- High tech monitoring, crisis mapping, modelling hazard impact, public education
- Innercore
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