Tectonics EQ3
- Created by: Yespacito
- Created on: 11-01-20 14:50
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- Tectonics EQ3
- Trends in disasters
- Reporting of disasters
- Increased over time because: better tech recording, pop. density increasing means more affected, more economic dev. means more damage if destroyed
- Controversy in statistics
- Hard to differentiate primary or secondary damage
- Under reporting of smaller events
- Political bias to reduce political accountability
- Hard to accurately collect in major disasters
- Mega disasters affect trend analysis
- Mega disasters
- Large scale disasters that require international mitigation
- E15 eruption
- No deaths because in isolated region, but VEI 3 (medium size)
- Ash cloud spread to Europe, and 100 000 flights were cancelled
- 25% of trade value is by air, so lost value.
- Important sensor for Nissan produced in Ireland couldn't be transported so Japan lost money
- Perishable goods from Africa couldn't be transported so $65million lost
- Japan 2011
- 16 000 deaths mostly due to tsunami. 63% of deaths over age 60
- Fukushima power plant meltdown meant attitudes to nuclear power were less favourable by public
- Led to natural gas demand increasing so the price increased globally.
- Multiple hazard zones
- Many different hazards can occur here
- California vs Philippines
- California: rare volcanoes, common earthquakes, frequent landslides, no cyclones, rare floods, common droughts
- At risk of 3 hazards
- Philippines more hazard prone than California
- At risk of 3 hazards
- Philippines: common volcanoes (eg. Pinatubo), frequent earthquakes, frequent typhoons, common landslides, floods are common, rarely drought
- At serious risk of 5 hazards
- Philippines more hazard prone than California
- At serious risk of 5 hazards
- California: rare volcanoes, common earthquakes, frequent landslides, no cyclones, rare floods, common droughts
- Reporting of disasters
- Models explaining management
- Hazard management cycle
- Describes how a disaster can be mangaged
- Hazard occurs eg. Earthquake
- Responses: immediate and longer term
- Rebuild when possible
- If rich enough, modify causes eg. aseismic design
- Hazard occurs eg. Earthquake
- Responses: immediate and longer term
- Rebuild when possible
- If rich enough, modify causes eg. aseismic design
- If rich enough, modify causes eg. aseismic design
- Rebuild when possible
- Responses: immediate and longer term
- Hazard occurs eg. Earthquake
- If rich enough, modify causes eg. aseismic design
- Rebuild when possible
- Responses: immediate and longer term
- Hazard occurs eg. Earthquake
- Japan (developed)
- 75% buildings aseismic, little corruption, sea wall too low
- Texts sent out 7 seconds after first P wave. Emergency kits in place
- Evacuation in Fukushima after nuclear meltdown warned.
- Led to nuclear energy being less popular, and sea wall being built higher
- Evacuation in Fukushima after nuclear meltdown warned.
- Texts sent out 7 seconds after first P wave. Emergency kits in place
- 75% buildings aseismic, little corruption, sea wall too low
- China (emerging)
- Ignored building codes because of corruption leading to bribes from building companies
- Poorly constructed buildings killed many people
- 130 000 soldiers in affected areas. Quick restoration of medical services. banks wrote off debts
- After 2 years, 97% of planned reconstruction had occurred, 99% of farmhouses rebuilt.
- 40 000 relocated in new city, but buildings already getting cracked. Local official arrested for taking bribes
- After 2 years, 97% of planned reconstruction had occurred, 99% of farmhouses rebuilt.
- 130 000 soldiers in affected areas. Quick restoration of medical services. banks wrote off debts
- Poorly constructed buildings killed many people
- Ignored building codes because of corruption leading to bribes from building companies
- Describes how a disaster can be mangaged
- Parks model
- Shows different stages of a hazard's management and how quality of life is affected
- A hazard causes quality of life to decrease
- Recovery begins by different methods
- Quality of life either stays below normal, returns to normality, or has an overall improvement
- Recovery begins by different methods
- A hazard causes quality of life to decrease
- Shows different stages of a hazard's management and how quality of life is affected
- Hazard management cycle
- Mitigation strategies
- Modifying the event itself
- Tsunami
- Land use zoning + reducing settlements in high risk zones
- Planners
- Restriction of structures eg. no nuclear power in Japan
- Engineer defences like sea wall
- Engineers
- Land use zoning + reducing settlements in high risk zones
- Volcano
- Diversion channels and barriers
- Planners
- Spraying sea water to cool
- Drain lakes to reduce Lahar risk
- Diversion channels and barriers
- Earthquake
- Not possible because unpredictable
- Scientists
- In future may be able to predict and mitigate
- Not possible because unpredictable
- Tsunami
- Modifying vulnerability
- Volcano
- Land use zoning protects property and evac routes
- Forecasting and prediction eg. tiltmeters
- Scientists
- Earthquake
- Aseismic design eg. Taipei 101, Taiwan
- Healthcare and practice drills eg. Japan
- Communication and transport
- Emergency texts/warning
- Gov
- Tsunami
- Hi tech monitoring
- Early warning systems
- Gov
- Hi tech monitoring
- Volcano
- Modifying losses
- Tsunamis, volcanoes, earthquake
- Insurance policies for property loss
- Insurers
- Emergency aid eg. water, food
- NGOs
- Temporary shelters
- NGOs
- Insurance policies for property loss
- Tsunamis, volcanoes, earthquake
- Modifying the event itself
- Trends in disasters
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