geography, second half of human

Created by: Ellenfgrand
Created on: 12-11-17 13:23

View mindmap

The Human Environment
- classifying and using resources
  - natural resource: any feature or part of the environment which can be used in the air, land or water
    - biotic resources
      - plants
      - animals
      - bacteria/fungi
    - abiotic resources.
      - minerals
      - fresh water
      - precipitation
  - how we have used recourses and changed the environment:
    - deforestation
      - eg. cameroon
      - why we exploit: -for timber -for farming -for palm oil
      - damage: -decline in habitats -affect micro-climates -soil erosion (loss of valuable soil) -soil into river= rivers can't hold so much = flooding
    - overfishing
      - eg. north sea
      - exploit as fish is needed for protein
      - affects: - less fish produced by natural reproduction, than there is fished -fewer fish=fewer prey for predators(so affects whole food chain)
    - oil extraction
      - eg. ecuador
      - damage: -threat to indigenous people -piplines crack -waste pits filled with crude oil
      - exploited as: underneath rainforests there is often a lot of oil, due to large amounts of biodiversity decomposing in the area.
- definitions
  - abiotic resources: non-living resources obtained from the lithosphere,atmosphere hydrosphere
  - biotic resources: living resources, obtained from the biosphere and are capable of reproduction.
  - renewable resources: type of energy which can be replenished and reused, mostly inexhaustible and can be replenished in a much smaller time scale
    - nuclear energy: anomaly, renewable as it provides masses of energy from small radioactive material and little co2. BUT non-renewable as it producesco2 and requires mining of uranium
      - non-renewable resources: are finite and will run out. it cannot be remade due to the process taking millions of years.
  - non-renewable resources: are finite and will run out. it cannot be remade due to the process taking millions of years.
  - energy mix: where countries use different energy reassures in varying proportions to meet demand
  - sustainability: meeting the needs of the present, without comprimisingthe ability of future generations to meet their own needs,
- global distribution of resources:
  - gold
    - mainly found in northern hemisphere (witwaterstand basin (40% of gold come from))
    - gold and diamonds found near volcanic areas. due to heat and movement of magma
  - iron
    - found in northern hemisphere
    - found in iron- rich sedimentary rock (banded iron formation)
  - coal
    - found in northern hemisphere
    - unevenly distributed due to peat formation at different times
  - diamonds
    - mainly africa, where volcanic activity has been
  - farming
    - biosphere create importatnreosursesfor people e.g. agriculture
    - variations in soil and climate affects suitability for farming
  - oil
    - middle east due to fossil fuels
  - forestry
    - bisophere= foresty
    - Northern hemisphere
- national distribution of resources
  - oil and gas : north sea
  - coal: nw england and scotland, northumberland, neath port talbot
  - iron, south england
  - arable farming: east anglia, nw Scotland, wales
  - water resources : nw england
  - forestry: nw, ne scotland. n England,s England
- global consumptionof energy
  - global patterns of consumption
    - someone is N america, consumes 90kg of resources per day. but someone in africa consumes 10kg per day.
    - rapid development and living conditions,have causes an increase in the rates of global reassuresconsumption in countries e.g china/india
  - global energy consumption
    - coal and oil, located in middle east but GOV= unsustainable, so resources are not reliable
    - estimatedin next 35 years, global consumption= increase by 56%
      - due to increase in living standards in asia and india
        asias energy consumption, risen from 2931 mtoe (2000) - 5545 (2014)
    - distribution of resources, depends on location of fossil fuels, and were renewable resources can be harnessed
  - global food consumption
    - world is capable of feeding all its inhabitants, but because of greed it doesn't
      - some countries have obesity others suffer from hunger
  - global fresh water consumption
    - 3% of earths water=drinking. 2% of which is in glaciers
    - global supply of water=continuos. as a result of the hydrological cycle
    - water distrubuted unevenly,due to different amounts of rainfall, evaporation and transpiration
- non -renewable resource: COAL
  - advantages: 1.still large quantities of coal 2. mining coal=easy 3. mining coal=cheap 4.coal is efficient and generates large amounts of electric 5. mining=jobs 6.not weather dependant
  - disadvantages: 1. burning coal=co2 (global warming) 2.mining coal=dangerous (cause deaths and illness) 3.equipment for mining=large and noisy affecting wildlife 4.limited stocks of coal remaining
- renewable energy resourse: WIND
  - advantages: 1.can be tall, but take up small ground area 2.new tech=reduces sound 3.land which built on=profit for owners 4. does not require water 5.low price for consumer 6.does not release co2 7. turbines=efficient and cheap 8.inexhaustible
  - disadvantages: 1.weather dependant 2.spoils view 3.cant store power and preserve it 4.noisy 5.offshore= expensive transmitter lines
- GLOBAL Energy mix
  - dominated by non-renewable resources(more than 80%)
    - could drop to 76% by 2020
  - reasons for variation in energy mix:
    - wealth
    - government
    - international policies
    - level of development
    - population
    - environmental concerns
    - energy demands
    - energy resources available
- why is the energy demand increasing
  - 1. population change 2.global variation in energy use in developed countries 3.technological dance 4.global shift in economic output 5.global shift in energy demand-developing countries

Get Revising

geography, second half of human

Comments

Similar Geography resources: