The Church in England on the Eve of Reformation, 1529
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- Created on: 02-04-14 21:04
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- The Church in England on the Eve of Reformation, 1529
- Unpopular Church?
- Corruption, Christian humanists believed this
- Simony- buying + selling of offices
- Pluralism-holding of more than one office
- Nepotism - offices given to friends + family
- Uneducated priests- couldn't do job
- Powerful bishops- spent time as government officials not in their duties
- Erastianism- Church effectively controlled by King not churchmen
- Antipapalism- they were corrupt, remote + more interested in Italian politics
- Monks + Friars enjoyed lavish lifestyle, little sense of vocation
- Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, chief minister, seen as embodiment of all church's flaws
- He was Chancellor of England, Archbishop of York, Bishop of Lincoln + Abbot of St.Albans
- Humanism
- John Colet, important clergyman (Dean of St. Paul's cathedral)
- 1511 preached anticlerical sermon before Convocation (Church Parliament)
- Thomas More, London lawyer + scholar, criticised clergy
- Book = Utopia, friendship w/greatest Humanist, Erasmus of Rotterdam. His book 'In Praise of Folly' = satire of clergy
- Humanists not powerful, little indication before 1529 of Reformation
- Feared criticism of personnel + procedures would lead to heresy
- Heresy spreading in France, Germany, Switzerland + Low countries, mean schism + conflict
- More + Erasmus were certainly anticlerical but also Catholics
- John Colet, important clergyman (Dean of St. Paul's cathedral)
- Henry VIII
- Real Head of the Church of England, appointed top Church offices + Pope approved these choices
- Little interest in reforming ideas, conservative Catholic feared reform would lead to instability + range of radical + dangerous ideas
- Wrote book denouncing Luther's ideas - Assertio Septem Sacramentorum
- Henry VIII's attitude to the Church and to religion
- At heart, good Catholic
- Was pro-papal, defended Pope's authority against attack from Lutheran heretics in Germany
- Relations w/papacy successive popes agreed to appoint Wolsey to powerful church offices at King's bidding
- In divorce crisis, Henry spent 6 years trying to persuade Pope to agree, break was last resort
- Thought heresy v. wrong as threatened power of crown + order of society. Even during divorce crisis, H condemned works of heretics:Tyndale, Frith + Bilney
- Supervised condemnation of Lambert 1538 for denying real presence. Cromwell executed 1540 for heresy
- Also H was Erastian - exercised full powever over Church, key to support power as King. Crucial area of patronage, used to reward loyal servants
- Wolsey
- Not typical of other bishops, most actually appointed deputies for jobs
- Unpopular because he was King's chief minister not because he was corrupt. Criticism more vocal after fall.
- Pluralist, nepotist + at least 2 illegitimate kids
- Had combined offices in Church and state
- Flamboyant and wealthy lifestyle at odds with position
- Fell from power just before the Reformation
- Wolsey fell because he lost the confidence of H VIII - annulment
- Monasteries
- Church building was flourishing 1520s, tithes paid, £ in wills etc
- Numbers coming for ordination also healthy
- Monasteries operating efficiently, great landowners, no scandals, no opposition during first two decades of 16thC
- Christopher Haigh shown no real evidence for widespread anticlericalism
- John Colet's sermons + Hunne case 1514 isolated examples.
- Support for Heresy
- English heretical group- Lollards- underground movement, no powerful backers
- Increased persecution of Lollards in 1520s made them less significant
- Reforming ideas + pamphlets from Germany + Low countries did have some impact in SE England for intellectuals, but to most powerful men, ideas = dangerous
- Reformation in Europe = spearheaded by churchmen, such as Luther in Germany + Zwingli in Switzerland
- Made headway in independent Imperial Cities + small territorial political units
- Ideas unlikely to make headway in large, centralised country like England, unless the Kings adopted reforming ideas
- Unpopular Church?
- Overview
- The Church in England on the Eve of Reformation, 1529
- Unpopular Church?
- Corruption, Christian humanists believed this
- Simony- buying + selling of offices
- Pluralism-holding of more than one office
- Nepotism - offices given to friends + family
- Uneducated priests- couldn't do job
- Powerful bishops- spent time as government officials not in their duties
- Erastianism- Church effectively controlled by King not churchmen
- Antipapalism- they were corrupt, remote + more interested in Italian politics
- Monks + Friars enjoyed lavish lifestyle, little sense of vocation
- Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, chief minister, seen as embodiment of all church's flaws
- He was Chancellor of England, Archbishop of York, Bishop of Lincoln + Abbot of St.Albans
- Humanism
- John Colet, important clergyman (Dean of St. Paul's cathedral)
- 1511 preached anticlerical sermon before Convocation (Church Parliament)
- Thomas More, London lawyer + scholar, criticised clergy
- Book = Utopia, friendship w/greatest Humanist, Erasmus of Rotterdam. His book 'In Praise of Folly' = satire of clergy
- Humanists not powerful, little indication before 1529 of Reformation
- Feared criticism of personnel + procedures would lead to heresy
- Heresy spreading in France, Germany, Switzerland + Low countries, mean schism + conflict
- More + Erasmus were certainly anticlerical but also Catholics
- John Colet, important clergyman (Dean of St. Paul's cathedral)
- Henry VIII
- Real Head of the Church of England, appointed top Church offices + Pope approved these choices
- Little interest in reforming ideas, conservative Catholic feared reform would lead to instability + range of radical + dangerous ideas
- Wrote book denouncing Luther's ideas - Assertio Septem Sacramentorum
- Henry VIII's attitude to the Church and to religion
- At heart, good Catholic
- Was pro-papal, defended Pope's authority against attack from Lutheran heretics in Germany
- Relations w/papacy successive popes agreed to appoint Wolsey to powerful church offices at King's bidding
- In divorce crisis, Henry spent 6 years trying to persuade Pope to agree, break was last resort
- Thought heresy v. wrong as threatened power of crown + order of society. Even during divorce crisis, H condemned works of heretics:Tyndale, Frith + Bilney
- Supervised condemnation of Lambert 1538 for denying real presence. Cromwell executed 1540 for heresy
- Also H was Erastian - exercised full powever over Church, key to support power as King. Crucial area of patronage, used to reward loyal servants
- Wolsey
- Not typical of other bishops, most actually appointed deputies for jobs
- Unpopular because he was King's chief minister not because he was corrupt. Criticism more vocal after fall.
- Pluralist, nepotist + at least 2 illegitimate kids
- Had combined offices in Church and state
- Flamboyant and wealthy lifestyle at odds with position
- Fell from power just before the Reformation
- Wolsey fell because he lost the confidence of H VIII - annulment
- Monasteries
- Church building was flourishing 1520s, tithes paid, £ in wills etc
- Numbers coming for ordination also healthy
- Monasteries operating efficiently, great landowners, no scandals, no opposition during first two decades of 16thC
- Christopher Haigh shown no real evidence for widespread anticlericalism
- John Colet's sermons + Hunne case 1514 isolated examples.
- Support for Heresy
- English heretical group- Lollards- underground movement, no powerful backers
- Increased persecution of Lollards in 1520s made them less significant
- Reforming ideas + pamphlets from Germany + Low countries did have some impact in SE England for intellectuals, but to most powerful men, ideas = dangerous
- Reformation in Europe = spearheaded by churchmen, such as Luther in Germany + Zwingli in Switzerland
- Made headway in independent Imperial Cities + small territorial political units
- Ideas unlikely to make headway in large, centralised country like England, unless the Kings adopted reforming ideas
- Unpopular Church?
- 1530's Church broke from Rome - always been a part of since Christianity arrived w/St Augusine
- 1534 Henry = Head of Church
- Church IN England now Church OF England
- Unlike reformations in Europe, wasn't met with lots of violence etc
- Sui generis -compromise betw/ Catholics + Protestants
- No great religious leader like Luther, Calvin - just monarchy
- The Church in England on the Eve of Reformation, 1529
- Absenteeism- churchman didn't carry out role or even reside in parish/diocese
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