Bandura - Transmission of Aggression (1961) - Mindmap in A Level and IB Psychology

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Created on: 22-05-17 22:00

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Transmission of Aggression - Bandura et al (1961)
- Aim
  - To investigate the transmission of aggression through social learning
- Background
  - Bandura, Hudson (1961) - Children will imitate behaviour demonstrated by an adult model if the model remains present.
    - Little was known about how the children would act when the model wasn't present.
  - Bandura (1961, 1963) showed how a child's aggressive tendencies can be strengthened through reinforcement
  - Social Learning Theory
    - Children learn through observing adults models then imitating the behaviour
- Method / Design
  - Laboratory Exoeriement
- Sample
  - 72 Children
    - 36 Boys, 36 Girls
    - From Stanford University Nursery School
  - Age 3 - 5 3/4
    - Mean age: 4 1/3
  - Opportunity Sampling
- Procedure
  - Phase 1: Modelling the Behvaiour
    - 20 minutes
    - Children were individual brought into a room
      - They observed either an aggressive or non-aggressive model
        Aggressive Model
        Began assembling a tinker toy set then after a minute they turned to the Bobo doll.
        They were physically and verbally aggresive
        e.g. "sock it on the nose"
        Shooting it with a toy gun.
        
        Hitting it with a toy mallet
        
        Non- Aggressive Model
        Non- Aggressive Model
        Ignoredd the Bobo Doll
        
        Control Group did not participate.
  - Phase 2: Aggressive Arousal
    - 2 minutes
    - Children were taken individually into a different playroom
      - There were allowed to play with the new, attractive toys
        After 2 minutes the toys were taken away and the experiemter infromed the child that they were for other children.
  - Phase 3: Testing for Delayed Imitation
    - 20 minutes
    - Children were individually taken into a 3rd room
      - Containing both aggressive and non-aggresive toys
        e.g. Bobo doll, mallet, tea set and dolls
    - They were observed through a one way mirror
      - Behaviour was recorded using time sampling
        Observers were unaware of the child's original condition to avoid bias.
        
        Behaviour categories
        Imitative Aggression
        
        Partially imitative aggression
        
        Non-imitative aggression
        
        Non-aggressive behaviour
- Results
  - Children in the aggressive condition showed significantly more imitation of physical and verbal aggression
  - Children in the non-aggressive condition showed very little aggression; wasn't always significantly less than the control group.
  - Boys imitated male models more than girls for physical and verbal aggression as well as gun play.
  - Girls imitated female models more than boys for verbal imitative aggression and non imitative aggression
    - Not significant
  - Male models had greater influence than female models
  - Overall boys produced more imitative physical aggression than girls.
- Concludsion
  - Children will imitate aggressive / non-aggressive behaviour even if the model isn't present
  - Children learn behaviour through observation and imitation
  - Behaviour modeled by male models has more influence on children.
  - Boys and girls are likely to learn verbal aggression from a same sex adult
  - Boys and girls are likely to learn highly masculine behaviour from a male adult.
- Variables & Hypothesis
  - IV
    - Observing an aggressive or non-aggressive model
    - Gender of the model
    - Gender of the child
  - DV
    - The amount of imitative and non-imitative aggression shown in phase 3
Behaviour was recorded using time sampling
- Observers were unaware of the child's original condition to avoid bias.
- Behaviour categories
  - Imitative Aggression
  - Partially imitative aggression
  - Non-imitative aggression
  - Non-aggressive behaviour

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Bandura - Transmission of Aggression (1961)

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