urban issues and challenges
- Created by: Immanuella
- Created on: 28-05-18 20:16
View mindmap
- challenges in the urban environment
- urbanisation
- urbanisation: growth in proportion of a country's population living in urban areas
- Reasons/ causes
- rural-urban migration
- push factors
- natural disasters
- less need for farm workers due to new technology
- desertification
- war/conflict
- to achieve a better quality of life
- Pull factors
- better/more jobs
- better education
- join other family members
- push factors
- rural-urban migration
- urban Growth - opportunities
- social opportunities
- better access to services e.g. healthcare and education
- better access to resources e.g. clean water and electricity
- Economic opportunities
- growth of urban industrial areas
- Developing industries = more jobs
- Case study: Favela-Barrio project (rio de Jsnerio)
- more than 600 squatter settlements in Rio
- froject ran from 1995 - 2008
- involved 73 favela's & 253,000 people
- social Improvements
- Day care centres
- Adult education classes
- services to help with alcohol and drug addiction
- Economic Improvemnts
- helping people to get legal ownership of properties
- Training schemes to help people get better jobs
- environmental Improvement
- wooden buildings replaced with brick
- streets widened and paved
- New rubbish collection services
- social opportunities
- Urban growth - challenges
- badly built and overcrowded
- no access to basic services
- unclean conditions- lack of medical services = poor health
- high unemployment = crime
- may not be access to education = skilled jobs unavailable
- Case study: Lagos
- biggest city in Nigeria
- social opportunities
- Better healthcare
- 68% of population have a secondary education (40% don't attend primary school in rural areas)
- access to electricity for cooking and lighting. business can also be developed
- water treatments plants provide safe water to city
- Economic opportunities
- Rural Nigeria is poor
- Rapid city growth = more construction jobs
- thriving film and music industry
- Lagos is home to the many banks and industries
- social challenges
- over 60% of the population live in slums e.g. Makoko
- houses are built on wooden stilts in lagoon
- communal toilets shared by many i.e. 15 households & most waste goes into the lagoon which may cause health problems (e.g, cholera)
- crime levels are high in Makoko and run by 'Area Boys'
- water can be sourced from a communal water source which can be sourced up to 3 Km away
- electricity comes from illegal connections that often cut
- environmental challenges
- only about 40% of rubbish is officially collected
- waste disposable and emissions from factories are not controlled leading to air and water pollution
- traffic congestion is really bad - you may be faced with 2 hour waits during rush hour
- economic challenges
- there aren't enough formal jobs- people have to make money other ways such as scavenging in Olusosun rubbish dump for things to sell
- urbanisation
Comments
No comments have yet been made