Urbanisation

Created by: Susan
Created on: 18-03-18 23:22

View mindmap

Urbanisation
- developed/ developing country
  - Developed country = stable, rich + lots of services + resources. Developing countries (LICs) = in the process of getting to that point.
    - developing countries = found in hot environments + Western Asia - Bangladesh
    - developed countries = richer countries, mostly located in Northern hemisphere
- measure development from
  - death rates
  - employment rates
  - average salaries
  - crime rates
  - homelessness rates
  - calorie intake
  - quality of housing
  - education (reading+writing)
  - running water
  - richness of countries
  - population
  - quality of water/education/life
  - human welfare
  - social well being
- rural/urban
  - urban
    - more employemnt
    - man made/built infrastructure
    - higher population/busy
    - expensive
    - noisy/crowded
    - varied employment
    - pollution
    - densely populated
    - more buildings/shops
    - lots of skyscrapers
    - congested roads
    - more transport
    - not a lot of greenery
  - rural
    - greenery/natural environemnt
    - lower population
    - better + cleaner
    - cheaper
    - quiet
    - jobs - agriculture, farming
    - less air pollution
    - sparsely populated
    - minimal infrastructure - roads, facilities, buildings, utilities (water, electricity)
    - lots of space
- global population growth
  - 1900s = population started growing rapidly
  - by 2050 = estimated population = reach 10 billion
  - devloping regions = higher population rate
  - total population since 1700s = increased nearly x10 (2050)
- urban growth: urbanisation
  - urbanisation = growing population of world's population who live in cities
    - 2 key causes are:
      - 1. natural increase(more births than deaths)
      - 2. migration
    - population of urban getting bigger
    - movement of people into urban area
    - process by which population of country becomes more urban + less rural
    - causes towns + cities to grow
    - area becoming more 'urbanised'
  - increase in % of people living in urban areas
    - 21st century - more people living in urban areas than rural areas
      - urbanisation occurred on big scale in N-America + W-Europe in 18th + 19th century due to Industrial Revolution
        new technology was deployed on mass scale in form of factories + manufacturing plants which attracted people in with varied employment opportunities
        1950s - trend started developing in LEDC's as countries started to industrialise + global corporations relocated their factories to exploit cheap labour + lax health/safety/environmental regulations
        industrialisation in LEDC's meant new forms of employment available
- global urbanisation
  - continent outside Europe, N-America + Oceania which has highest % of its population living in urban areas is South America
- population increasing in Africa(fastest growth) + in countries/continents nearest equator - LICs
  - population decreasing in N countries due to slower population growth
    - two main factors that affect population change:
      - 1. birth rate - number of live births per 1000 people 2. death rate - number of deaths per 1000 people
        difference between birth rate + death rate is called natural increase
        high natural increase occurs if BR is high + DR is low
        to find natural increase: BR - DR = NI
        to find 'rate' of natural increase: (BR - DR)/10 = NIR%
        1. Bangladesh: BR 22, DR 13 BR - DR = NI 22 - 13 = 9 +0.9%
        
        2. Germany: BR 8, DR 10 8 - 10 = -2 -0.2%
        
        3. Uganda: BR 47, DR 13 47 - 13 = 34 +3.4%
        
        3 locations = different NI/D because Uganda - less aware of contraception than Germany, Germany - developing country, Bangladesh - low NIR as developing in areas such as healthcare

Get Revising

Urbanisation

Comments

Similar Geography resources: