Us and federalism

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  • US constitution- federalism
    • Federalism
      • Political power is divided between a national gov and state gov.
      • Limited government
        • John Locke
        • Popular sovereignty, ultimate political authority rests with the people
      • Leaves the individuals fundamental rights untouched
    • The changing federal-state relationship
      • The growth of populataion
        • Grew from 4 mill to 76 mill in 110 years
        • Required managment by a growing gov
      • Industrialisation
        • Government regulation
      • Great Depression
        • States looked to federal gov to help them
        • Franklin rooseavelt new deal that helped USA get back to work
      • Foreign policy
        • WW2 USA stepped out as a superpower
        • Federal government- jurisdiction over foreign policy saw its role enhanced significantly
      • Supreme-court
        • Further enhanced the power of the federal government through implied powers
    • The phases of federalism
      • New federalism
        • Approach to federalism characterised by a return of certain powers from federal to state
        • Nixon, money given to states by federal
      • Unfounded mandate
        • Federal law requiring states to perform function for which the fed gov does not supply funding
      • Mid 90’s Washington resolved power back to states
        • 1780’s to 1990’s known as zigzag decades
    • Federalism under George W. Bush
      • Presided over the largest increases in inflation-adjusted federal spending
        • Gov spending increased by 33% in his first year
      • Education
        • No child left behind
        • Major expansion of the federal governments role in education
        • Test children in grade 4-8 annually and send the children in failing schools to be moved to successful ones
      • Medicare
        • Federal government scheme, over 65’s to have basic health insurance
          • In December 2003 Bush signed a major medicare bill, drug persciption
        • 25 republicans voted no in the house, as did 9 in the senate
      • Homeland security
        • Spending by the department of defence increased from $90 to $651 between 2001 and 2006
        • Direct result of 9/11
        • War on terror made the federal budget go from 15% to 21%

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