Was the congress a failure
- Created by: bia_changat
- Created on: 16-04-19 17:08
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- Was the Congress of Vienna a failure?
- FRANCE REGAINING POWER
- Failure
- creation of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands: less than successful
- 1820s: discontent among Belgians who resented enforcement of Dutch language and officials, protesting against 'unfair' taxation
- religious differences: Catholic southern Belgians, Calvinist Dutch
- August 1830: revolt when Dutch troops attempted to restore order
- France declared it would intervene if Prussia sent troops to support Dutch king
- although final course of action was compromise in 1833 (Luxembourg given to Holland, Belgium given neutrality and independence) - ran dangerously close to French reassertion of power
- France declared it would intervene if Prussia sent troops to support Dutch king
- creation of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands: less than successful
- Success
- First Treaty of Paris, May 1814
- prior to 1815: Napoleon had exerted French influence across Europe by placing family members in power
- Spain, Grand Duchy of Warsaw, Confederation of the Rhine, parts of Italy
- powers had to tame French empire to create balance of power, but not so harshly that it provoked another French revolution/reasons for French expansion
- forced France to accept restoration of Bourbon monarchy + 1792 borders + looted art
- strong buffer states around France so it couldn't expand again like Napoleon had done
- Belgium + Holland united to become United Kingdom of the Netherlands under Dutch king
- frontiers reinforced with 'barrier' fortresses
- Luxembourg to have a Prussian garrison
- Prussian territory extended to strengthen Baden and Bavaria + protect Germany + could protect Netherlands if needed
- former Republic of Genoa to be incorporated into P-S - strong Italian border against France
- prior to 1815: Napoleon had exerted French influence across Europe by placing family members in power
- First Treaty of Paris, May 1814
- Failure
- BALANCE OF POWER/STABILITY
- Success
- system of reward and compensation
- Lombardy + Venetia --> Austria (to make up for loss of the Netherlands)
- Sweden acquired Norway from Denmark to make up for loss of Finland to Russia
- Prussia gained Saxony (40% population, 60% land)
- Russia gained 'Congress Poland' for the sake of its security (after January compromise w Austria/Britain/France)
- Poland granted a constitution
- successes for Liberalism
- German confederation of 38 states w united Diet under Austrian president
- success? consolidated power in Europe away from France, towards Austria
- French charter: now liberal
- German confederation of 38 states w united Diet under Austrian president
- successes for Liberalism
- Poland granted a constitution
- success in that every country gained something: reduced likelihood of further dispute, creating balance of power in Europe
- restoring heads of state
- Bourbon monarchy in France
- Pope in Papal states with Austrian troops
- Ferdinand I restored to Naples
- Habsburg monarchy: parma, Modena, Tuscany
- Austrian influence!!
- French charter: now liberal
- German confederation of 38 states w united Diet under Austrian president
- success? consolidated power in Europe away from France, towards Austria
- system of reward and compensation
- Failure
- ignoring liberal/nationalist ideas in favour of restoring monarchies led to short-term peace BUT later uprisings
- why? - demonstrates that Vienna settlement j replaced France's tyranny with Austria's instead of implementing constitutional changes that some had expected?
- 1830: Bourban monarchy overthrown in France - middle-class Louis-Phillipe ruled France
- sparked Belgian/Polish/Italian revolts: disrupted stability
- Italy: provisional liberal govt established itself when revolt spread through Modena/ Parma;
- liberals pressed for unification + con. reform, thinking French would support
- Italy: provisional liberal govt established itself when revolt spread through Modena/ Parma;
- fears that France would expand, as had done w Napoleon: undermining VS
- Metternich considered invasion, Tsar refused to recognised LNIII as king
- shattered French-Russian cooperation from before
- sparked Belgian/Polish/Italian revolts: disrupted stability
- ignoring liberal/nationalist ideas in favour of restoring monarchies led to short-term peace BUT later uprisings
- Success
- POWERS ONLY ACTING IN THEIR OWN INTERESTS
- Failure
- never really solved the problem: smaller countries usually excluded, used as pawns (e.g. Saxony)
- Austria got the short end of the stick
- militarily/financially unprepared for role as defender of central Europe v western France, eastern Russia
- Concert splitting in two at the Congress of Troppau
- Holy Alliance: Austria, Prussia, Russia - conservative, Christian
- hereditary rule, monarchy, quashing nationalism
- Britain and France - liberal
- favoured democratic govts (like Britain's)
- countries united by fear of Napoleon-style France re-emerging, but little else
- Holy Alliance: Austria, Prussia, Russia - conservative, Christian
- disorganised: post-1820, countries sent observers instead of Foreign ministers; began taking action independently (e.g. France in Spain, despite Verona congress)
- Success
- Concert of Europe
- previous conflicting interests had allowed Napoleon to conquer Europe so easily; had to resolve this
- Second Treaty of Paris: powers renewed promise of cooperation for peace in Europe for the next 20 yers, re-establishing wartime Quadruple alliance
- agreed to contribute 60k men if anyone attempted to overturn settlement/threaten European peace - suggests compromise
- agreement to regularly meet and cooperate - commitment to international peace
- e.g. quashing Belgian rebellion, resolving Greek Revolution w/o great power conflicts
- Concert of Europe
- Failure
- FRANCE REGAINING POWER
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