Water Insecurity Risk

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  • Water Insecurity Risk
    • privatisation
      • governments often charge a fee for access to water - but this has been passed on to external businesses and therefore residents have to pay more to make the investment of these businesses cost effective
      • Agua del Tunari company took over water in Bolivia in 1999
        • raised the prices until they were the equivalent to 20% average income
        • 95% of people had access to water - the poorest communities could not afford it and so attached water to their homes illegally - protests for 4 days until the contract was cancelled
    • Water Poverty Index - 2002
      • Principle 1 - quality, quantity and availability of water resources
      • Principle 2 - accessibility in terms of distance from water safe to drink, cook, industrial and agricultural use
      • Principle 3 - how affordable the water is and how effective the water management techniques are
      • Principle 4 - different proportions of water use in terms of domestic, agriculture and industry
      • Principle 5 - environmental sustainability in terms of the wider ecosystem
    • economic - industry
      • water supply needs to be of high quality and quantity for consistent industrial productivity
      • global demand needs to increase by 400% 2000 - 2050 for industry as it is increasing
      • pollution because of poor management of waste products is a threat that could lead to significantly reduced water supplies
    • economic - energy supply
      • combustion of fossil fuels - needs water in the form of steam to turn turbines that generates electricity
      • as need for electricity increases and standards of living improve - demanding more energy
    • economic - agriculture
      • 60% more food by 2050 to feed the ever growing populations
      • 2050 - food production will need 140% more water than it does currently - not sustainable
    • human wellbeing - sanitation and health
      • limited access to clean water - increases the risk of disease and illness e.g Cholera
      • 335,000 children die of waterborne diseases in Nigeria a year and girls have to miss education during menstruation due to lack of water for sanitation
      • locals take out loans to cover the medical expenses and this can lead to debt
      • positive correlation between GDP per capita and access to safe water

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