William Gladstone mindmap

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  • Created by: E221
  • Created on: 04-04-23 12:10
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  • Gladstone
    • Son of Liverpool shipping merchant
    • Used to be a Conservative
      • Board of Trade under Peel's government
        • Admired Peel --> 'my great teacher and master in public affairs'
      • Became a Peelite when the party split
        • Joined Liberal Party
          • Served 4 terms as PM
    • Gladstonian Liberalism
      • 'peace, retrenchment and reform'
        • Maintaining peace would provide economic advantage
          • Rivals USA, France and Prussia at war
        • Taxation seen as depriving people of freedom to spend
          • Wished to see the day 'income tax would be abolished'
        • Introducing reform to benefit people and allow them to act freely
      • Laissez-Faire and self-help
      • Influenced by political philosophers e.g. John Stuart Mill
        • Liberty and freedom of the individual, religious toleration, free trade
    • Social reform
      • 1871 Trade Union Act
        • 1871 Criminal Law Amendment Act
          • Made any form of picketing illegal
            • Arguably Gladstone's worst decision as PM as it lost him working-class support
        • Established legal right of unions to hold funds and property
        • Right to strike
      • 1870 Forster's Education Act
        • Provision of elementary schools
        • Issues over religious education as C of E continued to run its own schools
        • School boards set up
          • Control over attendance and fees but had to pay fees for poor children
      • 1870 Civil Service Reform
        • Entrance exams
          • Principle of meritocracy
      • 1871-3 Cardwell's Army Reforms
        • Made Commander-in-Chief answerable to gov
        • Abolition of system of purchasing commissions
          • Promotion based on merit
      • 1872 Reform of Licensing Laws
        • Gave magistrates power to issue licenses to publicans, to fix open hours and prevent tampering with beer
        • Unpopular with beerage and temperance groups
      • 1869 women ratepayers given vote in local elections
      • 1870 Married Women's Property Act
        • Gave married women legal status and allowed them to keep a proportion of their earnings
      • 1885 Age of consent raised to 16

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