16. ICT, CAD, CAM & CNC- GCSE AQA Graphics

• A computer system- has hardware and software.
  • Hardware- machinery which supports the software
  • Software- programs on the computer, like Microsoft Office

• Hardware:
  • Input devices-
    • allows data to be entered into a computer, like a scanner, digital camera, keyboard or graphics tablet.
  • Output devices-
    • allows information to be downloaded in the form of a 'hard' copy-like a printer, vinyl cutter machine or laser cutter.

CAD- computer-aided design

• Advantages:
  • Fast to use once one is familiar with the layout and there are shortcuts available.
  • Easy to include variations and designs can be altered without erasing and redrawing.
  • Standard components- easily combined to make new designs, designs can be seen in 3D.
• Disadvantages:
  • Initial expense is very high for hardware and software
  • Staff need training, and it is hard to use if unfamiliar with it.

CAM- computer-aided manufacture

• Advantages:
  • Components are made exactly the same, time and time again.
  • Machines can work non-stop, stopping only for maintenance
  • Flexible production-machines produce a range of products
• Disadvantages:
  • Repairs-expensive, specialise engineers needed, could stop all production.
  • If design is flawed, the components made with will be flawed.
  • Without regular checking, mistakes could be in large numbers

CNC- computer numerically controlled

• Advantages:
  • The same advantages as CAM
  • Can be continually updated by downloading new software updates, which control the device settings that power the tooling
  • Uses modern design software
  • No need to make a prototype or model, which saves time and money
• Disadvantages:
  • It is more expensive than manually operated machines-initial costs are high.
  • If it breaks, production is halted and outside expertise may have to be sought.