5 markers

STATE AND JUSTIFY, USING EVIDENCE FROM PHOTO, AN APPROPRIATE GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTION FOR INVESTIGATION IN THE AREA

• how does sediment size vary along beach?
• bcos area accessible
• little impact
• small so realistic within time scale of a day
• easily repeatable
• SMART
• nature of area is flat and spacious
• different microclimates

USING MAP EVIDENCE, SUGGEST WHY THE AREA IS SUITABLE FOR A VARIETY OF GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATIONS

• variety of area allow for geographical links-rivers/coasts/land use/microclimates
• bcos scale/access/variety of landscapes
• roads/footpaths provide accessibility
• variety of relief
• safety risk low
• size of area realistic to cover in given time

FIG 1 WHICH SHOWS A STUDENT PLAN FOR A GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATION, STUDY COMMENT ON THE EFFECTIVNESS OF FIG 1 AS A PLAN FOR A GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATION

• (balance + and -)
• clear stages
• easy to follow/read and is subsequential
• main stages included
• conc linked back to question via feedback loop
• no evaluation/analysis
• no time allocation/scale
• identification of question step skipped
• present data shoud be before describe

ASSESS THE VALUE OF VISITING THE SITE OF AN INVESTIGATION BEFORE DATA COLLECTION

• risk assessment
• undertake pilot study - smaller/quicker version of actual
• check you know how to use equipment/that its suitable
• finetune methodology
• test data collection actually works
• assess time allocation
• assess value helping to improve validity/reliabilty/accuracy of data
• save time/effort and avoid disasters

STUDY FIG 1 WHICH SHOWS SEC DATA USE IN STREAM INVESTIGATION, SUGGEST 2 LIMITATIONS

• may be outdated since publishing process long and numerous stages
• no evidence of sources so unreliable and unaware of methodoly and therefore accuracy
• innaccuracies in time scale
• accuracy/validity
• unclear/uneven
• no stats tests can be done
• no comparison possible
• cant make valid conclusions

EXPLAIN WHY A QUESTIONNARE CAN BE UNRELIABLE FOR PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION

• low response rate
• people may be untruthful or lie meaning not valid
• if open difficult to analyse and record responses
• if closed revoke irritabilty and people gve first/shortest repsonse
• poorly designed with too many closed/open
• time consuming
• pragmatic
• puplic resistance  meaning sample size reduced and irritabilty/skewering of results

OUTLINE 2 ADVANTAGES OF CARRYING OUT A PILOT SURVEY BEFORE USING A QUESTIONNARE

• assess time restrictions
• check wording of questions in relation to response increasing accuracy
• check suitabilty of location in terms of sample size/respondants
• increase data set/coverage
• risk assessment

JUSTIFY THE USE OF A MAP TO SHOW THE LOCATION OF AN INVESTIGATION

• shows exact locations/accuracy
• shows contours and land use
• shows everything in relation (spatial)/shows (basic) positions of certain features of particular interest to the observer
• can annotate and highlight features
• highlight risks
• help you pick location to investigate

STUDY FIG 2 A SKETCH MAP USED TO SHOW THE LOCATION OF A GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATION IN AN INNER CITY AREA, COMMENT ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THIS SKETCH MAP IN LOCATING THE AREA

• personal and possible to tailor to needs of individuals/study
• title/key/scale
• easy to construct
• normally clear containing only key/relative features giving clarity
• poor sketch map lacking integrity
• no scale
• no compass/direction
• so no indication of proximity
• no location/specific labels
• no key
• no title
• so ineffective

EXPLAIN 2 ADVANTAGES OF USING SECONDARY DATA IN AN INVESTIGATION

• readily available
• already collected so saves time and effort on planning/conducting/repeating
• more time for other aspects such as data analysis/presenting/conclusion/evaluation
• economical since saves expenses of equipment and travel

OUTLINE THE VALUE OF CARRYING OUT A PILOT STUDY FOR A GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATION

• mini 'practise' version of full scale study
• increases likelihood of of success in main since helps insure bring correct equipment (type) for data collection in real
• helps highlight limitations/problems allowing to be overcome before hand e.g. equipment
• help determine no of people needed
• help determine time allocation (each task)
• determine feasibilty of conducting larger scale to ensure wont be waste of time/money/resources

STUDY FIG 1 A FLOW LINE MAP (FLOW CHART) SHOWING THE RESULTS FROM AN INVESTIGATION INTO COMMUNTING FROM CHELSMFORD, COMMENT ON THE EFFECTVENESS OF IT IN SHOWING PATTERNS

• helps to show movement (patterns) i.e. different volumes of traffic from different small settlements into one big settlement/variations in volume of traffic in an urban area
• shows direction clearly
• easy to follow and read
• spacial
• direction clearly shown
• helps show data in proportion to each other
• basic/oversimplified
• not easy to read values
• no indication of distance
• no orientation
• some places combined
• no date or time of day

STUDY FIG 3 A MAP THAT SHOWS THE RESUKTS OF A POPULATION SURVEY IN A RURAL AREA, COMMENT ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE METHOD OF DATA PRESENTATION

• simplistic
• no location/place names
• no boundary labels
• no source/census
• no title
• key not clear "5 people"
• easily visible distribution
• scale bar/compass bearing helps make it spacial
• quick and simple to draw
• visual
• spacially shows distribution pattern

EVALUATE THE USE OF COLOUR IN DATA PRESENTATION

• visually exciting drawing attention
• helps show patterns
• compare/contrast/clarity
• show variables
• colourblindness
• may carry meanings i.e. blue for water or red for danger skewering reading or interpretation
• some colours overpresented i.e. red
• colour make be hard to tell apart esp if shading used

SUGGEST 2 ADVANTAGES OF USING THIS TECHNIQUE FOR SHOWING SUCH DATA (SKETCH MAP)

• helps show locations in relation to one another so spacial
• easy to read and understand
• helps us understand patterns e.g. temp with increasing distance from building
• isotherm lines used which are easy to read and easily identifiable

EXPLAIN WHY ANOMOLIES OFTEN OCCUR IN DATA COLLECTED FROM A GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATION

• human error/nature
• lack of team work
• misinterpretation of equipment/results
• wrong equpiments (fails/faulty)
• mininterpretation of instructions
• carelessness
• diffcult to get somewhere
• poor weather
• lack of knowledge e.g. cannot identify all plant species and some look similar
• anomolies may be norm and model/concept flawed

STUDY FIG 2 A CONCLUSION BY A STUDENT FOR A GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROCK TYPE AND LAND USE, COMMENT ON THE EFFECTIVNESS AS A CONCLUSION

• conc should be short para and sum up main findings
• ref back to main findings and if evidence supports or not
• ask if fits theory/model which its based up on
• links to hypothesis and whether it relates and accept or not
• doesnt pick up evidence
• too simplistic e.g. more to soil type than rock type

EVAUATE THE USE OF SPEARMANS RANK CORRELATION COEFFICIENT TO TEST THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 SETS OF DATA

• easy to calculate
• ranks order which avoids including anomolies
• significane/strength of answer
• can give direction of relationship
• easy to make errros since so many stages involved
• avoids extreme values
• explains correlation
• needs a min of 7 values
• easy to make meaningless correlations

STUDY FIG 1 A PHOTT OF AN AREA IN WHICH A GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATION IS TO BE UNDERTAKEN, STATE AND EXPLAIN USING EVIDENCE FROM THE PHOTO THE POSSIBLE RISKS TO THE PEOPLE CARRYING OUT THE INVESTIGATION

• risk of drowning in river which flows through middle
• person could trip and fall in and/or hit head on bed and become unconcious consequently drowning
• large dump of stinging nettles in foreground so people get stung
• made worse id person has allergies
• 3 of trees on far side of river dead and therefore unstable
• could fall on someone and/or if someone climbs then collapse causing injury
• fence along west side looks old and unstable meaning it could collapse

EVALUATE THE USE OF PROPORTIONAL SYMBOLS TO SHOW DATA ON A MAP

• can represent any size of data
• obvious scale can also mean data can be seen in proportion to other data allowing patterns/theories to be seen
• data can clearly be analysed
• parts of map (detail/info) obscured by symbol
• the larger the symbol the more area covered and the more map detail lost and therefore is ineffective
• issue of where to place symbols on map
• hard to tell if been placed at area where data collected or at points between making them ineffective

STUDY FIG 2 A LAND USE MAP SHOWING THE SAMPLING POINTS PLANNED FOR A GROGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATION, STATE AND JUSTIFY A HYPOTHESIS THAT WOULD BE APPROPRIATE FOR INVESTIGATION IN THIS AREA

• 'the effect of land use on the diversity of species in this area'
• bcos good range of land uses to study i.e. moorland/woodland/farmland/mosh
• and theres also a good spread of sample points over these land use areas
• SMART
• all sites accessible meaning achievable
• within travelling distance of each other meaning timed
• large no of sample points would allow accurate average to be calculated
• land uses naturally very different so species diversity likely to differ between them resulting in interesting and noticable change
• has clear and strong geographical theory as basis