Acids And Alkalis

Acids

Ph number under 7           Acids contain Hydrogen

Turns Litmus Red

Reacts with metals forming a salt

React with Carbonates, Metal Oxide, Alkalis

Alkalis

Ph number over 7        Alkalis react with Acids

Turns Litmus Blue        Alkalis have Hydroxide

Indicators are substances that change thier appearance when they come in contact with other substances

Litmus

Litmus changes colour to show if an Acid or Alkali is present

Litmus will turn Red if an Acid is present, will turn Blue if an Alkali is present

Natural Indicators

Anhydrous Copper Sulphate turns blue from white in water

The Ph scale runs from 0-14

All liquids which are at 7 in the middle are neutral (Water)

Liquids more than 7 are Alkalis, so 14 is highly Alkali

Liquids less than 7 are Acids, so 1 is highly Acid

Universal Indicator

universal indicators are strips which change colour depending on the strength of the liquid.

Dark Red is Ph 1 and Dark Blue is Ph 14 and Green is Ph 7

Alkalis can destroy and Acid's acidity. An Acid can be neutralised by compounds called bases which are metal oxides.

Eg. Metal Hydroxides (Any compound which can Neutralise an Acid is a base)

Neutralisation always produces salts.

Eg. Acid+Ammonium Solution=Ammonium Salt+Water

Wasp stings are Alkaline so they can be cured by vinegar (Acetic Acid)

Acids

These are all compounds of Hydrogen and it is the acid that gives the salt it's second name

Eg. Hydrocloric acid / Hydrogen Chloride  Salt=Chloride

Alkalis

All metal oxides are bases. Some bases dissolve in water forming hydroxides

When a base neutralises and acid, the first name of the base becomes the first name of the salt