Arguments + Reasoning

A priori knowledge -> knowledge that is gained from logical reasoning without or prior to experience

A posterior knowledge -> knowledge that is gained after experience

Analytic statement -> A statement true by definition or logic

Synthetic -> A statement in which its truth or falsity depends on evidence that has been collected

A priori -> a deductive, analytical method of proving something is logical

A posteriori -> relating reasonong with observations/experience to find a probable conclusion

Sythetic -> have truth or falsity decided by eperience

Analytic -> truth by virtue that words or concepts that are known to be correct - true by definition

Inductive -> flexible conclusion drawn from universal experience

Deductive -> an argument where no alternative conlcusion can be found

Premise -> a previous statement from which a conclusion is formed

Conclusion -> a judgement reached through studying premises

Plato:

• theory of forms
• knowledge is inherited
• learning is development
• ideas are hidden in the soul

Aristotle:

• Forms are intrinsic to objects
• first to develop a formalised system for reasoning
• he rejected plato's theory of forms