Primary succession -------- newly formed/exposed land --- there is no soil or organic material.
Pioneer species in primary succession ----- first to colonise the area. They are adapted to the harsh conditions. They change the abiotic conditions, when they decompose they form the base for the soil. The creation of the soil makes the conditions less harsh, so that other less adapted organisms can then move in.
Secondary succession ------- there is soil present but the ara is cleared of vegetation.
Pioneer species in secondary succession ----- pioneer species are larger are larger shrubs and plants.
Climax community ----- the ecosystem is carrying the most complex community that it can. The climax community rarely changes.
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