Biology

• Has been scientifically proven that a baby can recognise the mothers voice.
• Before the child is born it can recognise words.
• Music can develop a baby’s brain.

• Child expresses itself through crying.
• They show reflexive responses and not conscious responses.
• Child starts with vowel ‘A’ sounds.
• They learn to control their air stream mechanism.

• Make different cooing noises – e.g. ‘coo’, ‘goo’ ‘ga-ga’
• Recognise parents faces and speech.
• Towards the end of the stage they begin to string cooing noises.
• They recognise language has a structure.
• Learn to express themselves through laughing and chuckling.
• Have control over their tongue.

• Begin to use consonant and vowel sounds.
• Able to adjust pitch.
• ‘playing and experimenting’

• 2 types of babbling sounds-
• --> RE-DUPLICATING- repeat sounds (e.g. woof woof)
• --> VARIGATED- use different sound patterns and put them together.
• The words have no meaning to the child as they think they are just making sounds.

• A variation in rhythm, melody and tone is shown
• The child begins to see some meaning to what they say.
• Proto words used- when the child doesn’t say words it recognises but realises that words are parts of a sound.

• Developments occur rapidly.
• Intonations used to show feelings and purpose.
• Children begin to develop at different levels.
• Single word utterances – concrete nouns
• Holophrastic phrases – couple of words put together which have no grammatical concept
• Child learns about 10-20 words each month.
• Over extension – when child uses one word to describe lots of things.
  • no concept of differentiating
  • e.g. 4 legged object = dog
• Under extension - have yet to acquire the knowledge that there are many numbers of the same thing in the world ( e.g. lots of cars in world)
  • have yet to acquire the concept of concrete nouns.
• Mismatch – get the name of something wrong (e.g. car = doll)
• Begin to use modifiers so add extra words in front of another word (e.g. go sleep)

• Have a vocabulary of 200 words – shows how quickly they are learning.
• Pronunciation  - some syllables dropped (e.g. tomato = mato)
  • Consonant clusters avoided i.e. sky - guy
  • Re-duplicate sounds- e.g. baby = baybay
  • no consistency of speaking

• HALLIDAY 1978 – suggested 7 stages in which it shows the functions of a child's language

• The first 4 stages help the child to satisfy its physical, emotional and social needs.

Stage 1: INSTRUMENTAL STAGE

• Child uses language to express needs and get what they want.
• First words are mainly concrete nouns
• E.g. want drink

Stage 2: REGULATORY STAGE

• Language is used to tell others what to do.
• Child realises language is a useful tool as by using language they can get what they want.
• E.g. go away