Bristol

Shopping- Cabot Circus-

•     Attractive shopping environment
•      Reduces crime & influences employment
•      Promotes tourism & greater spending

Entertainment- Festivals, cafes, bars, restaurants

Sports-

• Bristol Rovers, Bristol City Football Clubs
•  Headquarters of Glousestershire Cricket Club
•  Rugby Union Team

Leisure & Recreation

Why has bristol developed a a high-tech industry? Bristol has close links with city council and the two universities, meaning there's an educated and skilled workforce.

Bristol Companies

Aardman Animations- Creators of Wallace and Gromit stop motion

Aerospace Industry- 14/15 main global aircraft companises are located in Bristol eg.Rolls Royce.

Defence Procurement Industry- Employs over 10000 people, supplies the services with supplies.

Transport improvements

• More cycle routes
• Park and ride
• Car free zones - Intergrated transport system

Improved energy efficiancy

• New buildings are energy efficiant
• Eco buildings
• electric vehicles

Development of renewable energy

• Solar Panels
• Using less non-renewable energy

We regenerate Brownfield sites because...

• Usually they're more central to cities
• Reduces urban sprawl
• Improves the urban environment
• Land is often disused or derelict

Brownfield site- A site that has been built on before and is ready for development. Normally associated wither inner city areas.

• Frequent & Cheap public transport
• Increase price of fuel
• Number plate restrictions
• Pedestriansation
• Park & ride
• Cycling- hire bikes, cycle lanes/routes
• Car parking cost increase
• Congestion charge- pay to go to a certain area

Advantages

• Reduces urban sprawl
• Redevelopment eases pressure on greenfield sites
• More sustainable, environmentally friendly

Disadvantages

• Clearing rubbish from brownfield areas is expensive
• Infrastructure already exists in urban areas
• House prices increase as people are encouraged back to area

Advantages

• Building on Greenfield sites may reduce traffic and congestion in cities
• New sites are easier to build on as it is fresh land. This is more attractive for retail and housing developers.

Disadvantages

• Wildlife may suffer habitat loss eg. trees being cut down
• New drainage, electricity, roads etc. would all have to be produced

Stoke Bishop

• Affluent- Wealthy, have a great deal of money
• 94% of students got the highest grades in 5 or more GCSEs including English & Maths
• Less than 300 crimes per year
• Only 3% of people are unemployed
• Fewer than 4% of children live in poverty
• Nearly 50% of population has a degree or equivilant

Filwood

• Socially deprived in Bristol
• 36% of students got top grades at GCSE including English and Maths
• Over 1300 crimes per year
• Top 10% of most socially deprived areas in England
• Lower than average life expectancy
• Poor access to shops selling healthy foods- death rates higher than average

Before...

• In 1700s was a developed industrial area
• Was often flooded dueto River Avon being so close
• In the 20th century terraced housing was removed
• The Temple Meads Railway Station was built
• Businesses were removed
• Was disconnected due to duel carriage way being built
• Very run down
• Gave bad impressions to visitors

After...

• Target: 4000 new jobs
• 240,000m  of either new or refirbished buildings, creating offices, homes, shops and redeveloped railway station
• New technical and digital enterprises
• Temple Meads Station has had a major redevelopment to turn the station into a modern transport hub for the city
• Regeneration of most sustainable offices in the UK

Success???

YES

• Developing further and continuing referbishments into 2050
• Gaining profit
• Brought jobs, leading to wealth
• Sustainable

NO

• The Temple Quarter hasn't helped social inequality.
• It isn't a target or meet the needs for the unemployed

Location

• Central Bristol
• North of the River Avon
• Edge of CBD- Central Business District
• Surrounds Temple Meads Station

Location

• South West Germany
• Border of France
• Directly West of Munich

Strategies

• Recycling water to conserve supply
• Providing Green Spaces
• Using Brownfield sites
• Reducing reliance on fossil fuels
• Providing a range of emplyment

Social planning

• Locals can invest in renewable energy resources; wind turbines, solar power, hydroelectric plants and energy conservation
• Financial rewards are given to those who compost their green waste

Economic planning

• Providing employment
• Jobs have been created due to Manufacturing of solar energy
• More than 10,000 people are in 1500 environmental businesses
• 1000 people are employed in solar technology

Environmental planning

Resourses are not wasted and the environment is protected for future generations.

• More than 88% of packing waste is recycled
• Provides energy by burning waste to 28000 homes
• 350 community collection points for recycling
• Biogas digester has been put in place for organic food and garden waste

1) Freiburg- Germany

• Low public transport fares
• Intergrated traffic plan
• Higher parking prices

2) Beijing- China

• Number plate restrictions
• Limited car sale- only 20% of people who apply
• Increased parking prices
• New metro lines
• Developing a rapid bus transit by 2050

Explain how traffic congestion is being reduced in urban areas.

Use an Example you've studied and Figure 4.