cells

Cells

There are many types of cells with very different functions, here are just a few you need to remember:

typical plant/animal:

Some cells are specialised to do a particular job:

Leaf cell

Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Packed with chloroplasts. Regular shaped, closely packed cells form a continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight

Root hair cell

Absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil Long 'finger-like' process with very thin wall, which gives a large surface area.

Sperm cell

Fertilises an egg cell - female gamete The head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrane. The middle section is packed with mitochondria for energy. The tail moves the sperm to the egg.

Red blood cells

Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells. Thin outer membrane to let oxygen diffuse through easily. Shape increases the surface area to allow more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently. No nucleus, so the whole cell is full of haemoglobin.