Child Language Acquisition - Speech

• 0 - 4 months - Vegetative - sounds of discomfort
• 4 - 7 months - Cooing - comfort and vowel sounds
• 6 - 12 months - Babbling - consonant and vowel sounds
• 1 - 12 months - Proto-Words - Word-like sounds

• 12 - 18 months: Holophrastic/one-word stage
• 18 - 24 months: Two-word stage
• 14 - 36 months: Telegraphic (3 or more words)
• 36+ months: Post-telegraphic (grammatically complex)

• Deletion - Omitting final consonant
• Subsitition - Replacing one sound for another
• Addition - Adding extra vowel
• Assimilation - Change one consonant for another
• Reduplication - Repeating syllables
• Consonant cluster reductions
• Deletion of unstressed syllables

• Proto-word - invented word
• Holophrase - One word for many ideas
• Overextension - Catergorical (e.g. "apple" for all round fruit), Analogical (e.g. "ball" for round fruit) and Mistmatch Statements (e.g. "duck" for empty pond)
• Underextension

• 1. Labelling - Link words to objects
• 2. Packaging - Explore lables and what they can apply to
• 3. Network Building - Making connections between words, understanding similarities and opposites in meanings

• 2 years - Sensor/Motor - Experience world through senses
                                         - understand object exists out of sight
• 2 - 7 years - Pre-operational - Ego-centric language
                                                  - Competant language and motor skills
• 7 - 11 years - Concrete Operational - Logical thinking about concrete evetns
• 11+ years - Formal Operational - Abstract reasoning

• Synactical
• Morphilogical advances - Inflectional (alteration to make new grammatical forms) and Derivational (creation of new words by adding prefixes and suffixes)

Mistakes of syntax are called "virtuous errors"

• Instrumental - Fulfill a need
• Regulatory - Influence behaviour of others
• Interactional - Maintain social relationships
• Personal - Convery opinion/identity
• Representational - Convery facts/information
• Imaginative
• Heuristic - Learn about environment

• Labelling - Naming person/object
• Repeating - Repeating adult word/phrase
• Answering
• Requesting action
• Calling - Getting attention by shouting
• Greeting
• Protesting - Objecting to requests by others
• Practicing - Using language when no adult is present

• Repetition
• Higher pitch
• Childs name, not pronouns
• Present tense
• One-word utterances
• Fewer verbs/modifiers
• Concrete nouns
• Expansion/recasts
• Yes/no questioning
• Exaggerating pauses/turn taking cues

• Skinner
• Children repeat what they hear
• Passive form of CLA
• Children recieve positive reinforcement and repeat behaviour again
• Regardless of understanding meaning
• Tend to make grammatical errors

• Chomsky
• Natural capacity to learn
• Triggered by hearing language around them
• Start learning language months after birth (babbling)

• Piaget
• Children's language develops as their understanding of the world does
• Language gradually becomes sophisticated

• Bruner
• Interaction with primary caregiver is important
• "Caretaker speech" and "child directed speech" - important terms
• Children who are spoken to in CDS develop language quicker
• Children who are negatively corrected develop slowly
• Children use language to communicate with those around them and society is based upon this premise of language