Regional variations in Germany- South and South West- more politically fragmented regions, whilst in the North and East- the more politically less fragmented regions- hence less intense witch-hunts! Switzerland- 10,000 witches were executed- similar political structure to Germany. Netherlands- like Germany it had a de-centralised political structure, however, Dutch judges did not believe in the cumulative concept of witchcraft. There was never the notion of a vast diabolical conspiracy.
France- parts of France had an independent judiciary- in places like the North, East and South West- on the fringes of the country. Therefore, in places such as Normandy and the Languedoc witch-hunts were more intense. The British Isles- mainly mild and restrained- witch panics more limited in size and number than in mainland Europe. Numbers of trials- 5,000 with 1,500 executions over the Early Modern period.
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