Consensus vs Conflict Theories

Consensus theories such as functionalism sees society as having a shared agreement on its shared norms and values. Consensus theories believe most people in society live harmoniously and conform to these norms and values. They also see people as quite similar in their needs and desires.

Conflict theories, such as Marxism and Feminism suggest that there is a conflict in society between two or more competing parties over demand for power and resources.

Marxist argue these divisions are based on social class (the ruling vs working class) Feminist argue society is patriarchal and that society is organised to benefit males and disadvantage females.

They're both structural theories suggesting people are like puppets on a string and we dont have independent thoughts and opinions.

They both see social institutions as having the most influence in society with education, family, media, religion and employment shaping the culture and behaviour of individuals.

Consensus and conflict theories however do differ as to who this process benefits.

Consensus theories suggest these benefit wider society, enabling people to function correctly. People will strongly understand social behaviours and their role in society.

Conflict theories suggest we are sociolised to obey the dominant groups of society. Marxist believe we're learning ruling class culture and feminist believe everyone is sociolised in a patriarchal society, where societies best interest benefit males.

Consensus theories believe those of higher status have achieved this by working hard.

Conflict theories believe soicety picks ideal candidates according to ruling class or patriarchal demands.

Consensus in education: Teaches specialist skills, helps people understand sociol solidarity and conditions people into societies norms and values.

Conflict theories in education: Teaches skills required for work or specific gender role, enforces ruling class and patriarchal ideals sociolised into gender norms (male=breadwinner&female=housewives)

Conflict theories appear to have more relevence in the UK today - theories such as Marxism and feminism continue to be heavily discussed in the 21st century.

Consensus theories such as functionalism can be seen as outdated, yet political ideologies such as New Right see consensus theories as ideal and try to maintain certain sociol institutions as pillars of morality.

In recent time, attitudes towards social issues such as Brexit, racism in the media and covid social distancing, has seen Britain become more divided in its responses to social issues, which would suggest that conflict theories are better placed at present to understand society.