Contemporary conflicts and challenges

Identity: sense of belonging to a group or geographical area can be evident on many scales: nationalism, regionalism, localism
Ethnicity: the grouping of people according to their ethnic origins or characteristics.
Culture: the customary believes, social norms and traits of a racial, religious or social group and set of shared attitudes
Territory: geographic area belonging to a government authority.
Ideology: systematic body of concepts regarding human life or culture.

International, national, regional, local

Non violent, political activity, terrorism, insurrection, war

The means is the means by which conflict at a variety of scales can be brought to an end.

Migration of ethnic groups leads to the creation of multicultural societies. Ethnic segregation is the clustering of people with the same background.

Jewish arrivals from Russia, Irish people escaping poverty, Jews and poles escaping WW2, Caribbean workers invited, Asians from India Pakistan and Bangladesh, East African Asians from Uganda, Eastern European refugees and economic migration

Housing, healthcare, education, language, religion, economic issues, other social issues- terrorism, immigration controls,

• an area which is economically depressed
• a minority language or religious grouping
• collapse of the state
• strength Of supranational bodies

• maintenance of societies with norms and clear separate identities
• protection of a language through media and education
• growth of political parties
• civil disobedience
• terrrorist violence
• civil war

Economic: GNP per capita and GDP
Demographic and social: birth rate, death rate, fertility rate, infant mortality, life expectancy, access to drinking water, adult literacy, urban population, people per doctor

Poverty gap has decreased everywhere except west Asia and southeast Europe.

1. Eradicate extreme poverty

2. Achieve universal primary education

3. Promote gender equality

4. Reduce child mortality

5. Improve maternal health

6. Combat HIV and AIDS

7. Ensure environmental sustainability

8. Develop a global partnership for development