Coordination and response

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Motor neurone diagram

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Structures of the neurones

How does the structure of a motor neurone compare to...?

- A relay neurone: have a cell body, dendrites and an axon ( no myelin sheath )

- A sensory neurone: have a cell body, long dendrites and a short axon off both sides  

- A motor neurone: have cell body, rodes of ranvier, shwann cells and an axon

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How is information passed along the length of a ne

How is information passed along the length of a neurone?

- throught the release of chemical substances into the pace between the axon and the    dendrites. 

- electrical impulses flowing along the length ofa neuron whch are clled nerve impulses

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

- protects the axons

- helps speed nerve transmissions

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The reflect arc sequence

Outline the general sequence of events involved in a reflex arc ( from stimulus to response ).

Stimulus → receptor cell → sensory neurone → relay neuron in the CNS

→ motor neurone→ effector (muscle or gland) → response

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Reflex action

Define what a reflex action is. Provide two examples.

- a protective, automattic and rapid response to a stimulus 

Examples:

                  - moving hand away from something hot

                  - blinking 

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Synapse

What is a synapse? 

- a junction between two nerve cells or between a nerve cell and an effector cell such    as a muscle or a gland.

Outline what happens there.

- the electrical signals are converted into chemicals that can easily cross the gap and pass on to the next neuron where they again get converted into electrical signals

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Human eye diagram

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Functions of structures in the eye

Outline the function of each of the following structures:

Cornea: protects eye from outside infiltratesand ultraviolet radiation 

Iris: controls how much light the upil lets in and reaches the retina

Lens: to transmit and focus light onto the retina

Retina:captures light that enters the eye and helps translate it into the images you see

Optic nerve: transmits electrical impulses from your eyes to your brain 

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Iris in dim/ bright light

Describe what happens to the iris in the following conditions:

 

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Accomodation

What is accomodation?

- the shape pf the lens changes shape allowing the eye to focus on objects at different    distances.

Describe how it aids vision

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Endocrine system

What is the endocrine system?

- a coordination system which secretes hormones into the bloodstream from glands      throughout the body.

Name six glands:

- Adrenal glands             - Testes

- Pituitary glands            - Thyroid

- Ovaries                        - Endocrine gland

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Endocrine system vs Nervous system

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Hormones and their glands

      

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Menstrual cycle

What is the menstrual cycle? What is its purpose?

- monthly cycle of events preparing a woman’s uterus for the possible implantation of    a fertilised egg. It is controlled by hormones from the pituitary gland.

- Lasts 28 days on average

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Outline the role of these hormones involved in the

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