Decentralisation of Retailing

• Trafford Centre - Manchester
• Merry Hill - Dudley, Birmingham
• Fosse Park - Leicester
• Metrocentre - Gateshead
• Blue Water - Kent, London
• White Rose - Leeds
• Brent Cross - North London
• Cribbs Causeway - Bristol
• Meadowhall - Sheffield
• Lakeside - Essex, London
• Braehead - Glasgow

Shops selling high-order goods were:

• located in town and city centre
• attracted customers from a wide area

Shops selling low-order goods were:

• located in residential areas
• served customers in their neighbourhood

Shoppers tended to bewomen sho shopped locally a few times a week

1970s:- supermarkets sold food and non food times which  allowed the weekly shop. Car popularity allowed free movement further afield

1980s:- Non retail parks expanded - easy access to main roads on the outskirts of town -> uniform, warehouse type buildings

1990s:- huge out of town shopping centres were built on the periphery, close to major motorways (often with their own junction)

21st Century:- ecommerce booming online. Supermarkets began online shopping/delivery services. People still like to examine goods before purchase. Etailers rely on road/railway for shipping so can not guarantee next day delivery. Farmers markets grow - people are willing to pay more than supermarkets prices for healthier food with fewer food miles

Push Factors:

• congestion in CBD
• High parking costs for shoppers
• high rents and running costs for shops 
• high cost developing sites 
• lack of space for expansion

Pull Factors:

• Cheap avaliable land 
• fewer building restriction
• larger sites avaliable for car parks
• avaliable workforce in suburbs
• easier access (delivery)

• not under one roof
• sometimes linked to supermarket
• number of large purpose built 'box shaped' retail outlets
• sell specialised goods - DIY, furniture, white goods, computers, sports goods

• under one roof with adjacent outlets
• based around one anchor store
• sell convenience and comparison goods
• range off chain stores (a few independent)
• accessible by public transport
• open into late evening
• some food and drink outlets
• larger catchment

• Under one roof-based around a number of anchor stores
• sell a range of convenience and comparison goods
• wide range of chain stores
• large amount of free parking
• accessible by public transport 
• open into evening
• leisure on-site activities
• variety of places to eat and drink