Development of the Symphony Essay - Tempo/Rhythm

- syncopation often used with fz to emphasise (e.g. mvt 1 codetta and at start of minuet)

- mvt 3 is scherzo and trio with its 1 in a bar tempo but totally different with its dark nature and continual rits, pauses and disruptions

- mvt 4 cyclical elements with imaginative change in tempo created by scherzo horn melody interjecting at the end of the development 

- an accel., cut common time and presto tempo are all used in the developing coda

- mvt 4 frequent tempo and time changes as he quotes from previous 3 mvts to create a cyclical element

- syncopation and cross rhythms create energy and drive 

- very expressive use of tempo changes throughout to fit programmatic elements (e.g. anime, retenu, atempo) ebbs and flows the original idee fixe

- many Russian folk influences and cyclical elements (e.g. use of 'fate' motif from mvt 1 being recalled into mvt 4) create tempo/metre variety as slower and in 3/4 time