Coinage: refers so the creating of words that are completely new and not derived in any way from other words.
Borrowing: occurs when words are taken from other languages.
Affixing: is the most common source of new words. its involved adding prefixes or suffixes to existing words to form new words.
Compounding =: occurs when words are combined to form a new, larger words or expression. e.g. blackbird and laptop.
Blends: are similar to compunding, except that only parts of each word are joined together. e.g. smog for smoke and fog.
Conversion: occurs when the word class of an existing words changes, creating a new use for the word.
Abbreviation: a new word is formed by shortening an existing word in some way. e.g. advert from advertisement
Back-formation: a particular kind of shortening in which a word of one type (usually a noun) is shortened to form a word of another type (usually a verb). e.g burgle from burgular
Acronyms: words formed from the initial letters of existing words, a process virtialy unknown before the 20th century.
Words from names: some words derive from the names of people or places. e.g. sandwhich is names after the fourth earl of sandwhich.
Archaisms: words and phrases that become obsolete are known as archaisms. words that fall out of use. e.g. shakespear's plays contain loads of archaisms enow for enough.
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