Eukaryotic Cell components

Mitochondria:

• Responsible for aerobic respiration----Breaks down glucose using oxygen to form energy

• Own DNA 

• Produces and contains its own ribosomes

• Crista inner membrane- gives a large surface area for chemical reactions (production of ATP)

Ribosomes:

• Composed of a RNA type protein
• Unique structure (no exterior membrane)
• Carry out protein synthesis
• Found in cytoplasm or attached to the surface of the ER

 Can be found in Prokaryotic but Eukaryotic cells are larger and denser

Vacuoles (only in plants):

• Stores of  food, metabolic waste, toxins and water
• Large surface area
• allows the uptake of water (giving rigidity to the organism)

Centrosome:

• In all Eukaryotic cells
• Produces microtubles

Chloroplast(plant cells only):

• Similar size of a bacterial cell
• Double membrane
• Contains chlorophyll (produces energy)

Cytoplasm:

• In the plasma membrane or the outer boundary wall
• Holds organelles
• "Jelly like"
• Fluid proportion of cytoplasm between organelles is the cystol

Lysosomes:

• Digest things (arise from the Golgi apparatus)
• Lacks internal  structure (sacs bounded by one membrane with over 40 enzymes)
• All are hydraulic and catalyze the break down of protein, nucleic acid, lipids and carbohydrates
• fuse old and damages things together (recycling components)

Golgi Apparatus:

• Stack of flattened compartments where molecules are packed for delivery to other cell compartments of for secretion.
• Next to the ER
• Receives products from the ER-moves into cisterae-movement continues to the transide (ready for discharging)- small sacs come out on the transide (vessicles- needed in or out of the cell)
• Can be found in glandular cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)(network of flattened sacs and tubes): 

Rough ER:

• makes proteins for mRNA (protein synthesis)
• two proteins: one goes to the reticulum membrane and the other goes on to be modified
• proteins become: parts of membranes or messengers between cells

Smooth ER:

• Enzymes embedded on its surface
• Produces: membrane phosphillipids, cellular lipids, sex hormones
• Stores calcium ions
• Transports lipid-based compounds
• Aids liver in releasing glucose into the blood stream