GCSE Music Edexcel! AOS4

Structure and Texture:
- strophic verses (MELODY THE SAME FOR BOTH VERSES)
- 2 sections
- no chorus
- texture is HETEROPHONIC.

Tonality:
- E Minor, G Major

Instrumentation:
- fiddle
- uillean pipes
- accordian
- flute

Waulking
- traditional cloth making
-keep working to the rhythm
- cloth was cleaned, thickened/softened

Celtic Folk Band
- influences: Folk, Pop
- Scottis Folk Band
- Voice is in Scots GAELIC
- released in 2000

Melody:
- based on a PENTATONIC scale
- is in 6/8
- POLYRHYTHMIC TECTURE - lots of different rhythms played at same time.

TWO SECTIONS
- First Section: Traditional, simple beat, E MINOR, quite calm and peaceful, focused on the singer
- Second Section - full rhythm secion (drums and bass), G MAJOR (the relative of E MINOR), much louder, pipe solo and uses inprovisation, harmonised backing vocals.

Lyrics
- 2 inserts (seisd 1,, seisd 2) - NONSENSE SYLLABLES. (string of letters, voice scoops, no meaning)

Background:
- koko are from BURKINA FASO
- yiri is mainly singing, balafron playing and drumming.
- bell plays 'ting' at the end.

Singing:
- important in sub-saharan african music
- singing part of celebrations weddings birthdays...
- music is past down through generations through ORAL TRADTION

key features of this music:
- cross rythms - polyrythms
- polophny (weaving parts lots of them)
- repetition
- call and response
- heterophony (parts play different versions of the same tune at the same time, at diff pitches)
- improvised melodies
- vocal parts play (UNISON AND CALL AND RESPONSE) 

Texture
- POLYPHONIC. but MONOPHONIC AT THE START. 

Solo balafon:
- balafon creates short note. a long not is a repeated short not hit
- 2nd balafon comes in and pitched lower than the 1st
- two balafons play POLYRYTHMS and is improvised lots.
- sometimes play heterophony (same melody but in different pitches)
- balafones complement the vocal line or boost the drum part.

DRUMS:
- play the same rythm, repeated alot.. OSTINATO.
- drums at different pitches
- rythm changes slightly at end of peice  
- DJEMBE, DUNDUN, TALKING DRUM.

VOCALS:
- parts change, 1stly in unison. tune is repetitive.
- call and response. soloist plays the call.
- unison towards the end aswell.

TIMBRE AND TEXTURE:
- build up during the peice. starts with single balafon, changes when 2nd is added, 

Background:
- rainy season raga
- during the night
- meant to give a hint of romance and devotion
- all based on RAGA - sa ri ma pa ni sa ni dha pa ma ga ri sa.
(more notes descending, and the NI is flattened) 

Steve Gorn and Benjy Wertheimer
- 'priyagitah' was improvised in a studio
- ALAP, GAT1, GAT2. (each gat is based on a diff tala)
- alap... tambura drone. then the bansuri and esraj come in. the improvise using notes of the rag desh. alap is slow and flowing. theres no pule to drive it.
- in GAT 1... table comes in playing steady rhythm. bansuri plays improvised melody. faster than the alap. based on RUPAK TAL. (7 BEATS)
- in GAT 2... raga is a lot faster, tabla playes fast complicated rythms using EXTAL (12 BEATS). 

Anoushka Shanka:
- plays the SITAR. daughter of ravvi shanka.
- recorded live at the carnegie hall in new york.
- composed by ravvi shanka .
- includes 2 tablas. and 1 tambura
- made up of ALAP, GAT1, GAT2. (same as steves)
- ALAP= sitar solo. tambura drone, anoushak strums plucks and bends notes. 
- GAT1= uses JHAPTAL (10 beats)
- GAT2= bit faster than first gat... TINTAL (16 beats)
- used a pre-composed melody.

Mewar Re Mira
- uses a voice to sing the raga. recorded in a studio. male singer. 
- ALAP= sitar improvises using notes of raga over tambura drone. 
- includes sarangi and voice. 
- male singer uses vibratto, scoops notes (portamendo) short alap/
- tempo increases as next section comes in. Tabla comes in. 
- BANDISH= vocal part more elaborate, trills, portamendos. hand cymbols. 

INSTRUMENTS USED.
Steve Gorn: Tambura, esraj, Bansuri, Sarangi.
Anoushka Shanka: Sitar, Tambura, Tabla.
Mewar Re Mira: Tambura, Sitar, voice, sarangi, Cymbals.

SECTIONS USED:
Steve Gorn: Alap, Gat1, Gat2.
Anoushka Shanka: Alap, Gat1, Gat2
Mewar Ri Mira: Alap, Gat1, BANDISH.

TALAS USED:
Steve Gorn: RUPAKTAL then EKTAL..... (used in gats)
Anoushka Shanka: JHAPTAL then TINTAL..... (used in gats)

ABOUT:
Steve Gorn: recorded in studio, improvised.
Anoushka Shanka: recorded live, pre composed
Mewar Re MIra: recorded in a studio, improvsied.