Geography Case Studies: Theme 4
Case studies to learn for Theme 4.
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- Created by: maariya
- Created on: 17-11-12 12:25
Theme 4: Water Aid in Mali- Sustainable Aid? (1)
- NGO's have been more effective at directing towards sustainable aid than Government agencies, using appropriate technology and involving locals.
- Water Aid works in Mali where rainfall levels are rapidly falling and desertification is spreading.
- They are running schemes around slums surrounding Mali's capital providing clean water and sanitation to the poorest of people.
- It is to demonstrate to governments etc. that projects in slums can be successful socially and economically.
- It has financed the construction of the area's water network.
- Training local people to manage the system and raise money to keep it operational.
- Encourages the community to invest in it's infrastructure.
- Putting their energy into educational programmes and empowering communities to continue their own development in the future.
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Theme 4: Water Aid in Mali- Sustainable Aid? (2)
- Already there have been significant improvements in general health of community.
Cycle of benefits
- Safe water + Sanitation + Hygiene education
- Maximises health benefits
- Without disease communities are stronger
- Therefore more people work and attend school, people save money spent on medicines, time saved on collecting water used productively
- Economy grows and develops
- The combination above maximises health benefits and promotes development.
- It can reduce number of deaths caused by diarrhoeal diseases by 65%.
- In the long term communities can plan and build infrastructure so can cope better in times of hardship.
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Theme 4: Nike- New international division of labou
- Nike is the world's leading supplier of footwear, apparel and equipment.
- It doesn't make products it's self but contracts production to S.Korean/Taiwanese companies.
- They sub-contracted companies operate in other lower-wage Asian economies e.g. Vietnam, Philippines and Indonesia.
- Nike expertise is design and marketing. The way Nike operates is an example of the new international division of labour (NIDL).
Benefits from Nike operating in Vietnam
- Substantial employment in Vietnam paying higher wages than most local companies.
- Improves local population skill base.
- Attracted other MNC's to Vietnam= cumulative causation.
- Contribution to local tax base can be used for infrastructure.
However
- Company advertising and image undermines national culture.
- Investment can be quickly transferred to lower cost locations in other countries.
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Theme 4: Nike- New international division of labou
International context
- It aims to produce new shoes on a regular basis to cater for niche markets.
- To do this it buys necessary expertise at short notice. It involves short-term subcontracts allocated to firms based near to Nike's research and development HQ.
- There have been "sweatshop allegations" so Nike created a report of the 700 factories producing it's clothing.
- Pressure groups said this is an important step forward in improving conditons for workers in poor countries. Nike could be the global leader in corporate responsibility.
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Theme 4: China's Pearl River Delta (1)
- Labelled as "the workshop of the world".
- Region the size of Belgium in SE China.
Environmental problems
- Three major problems are air pollution, water pollution and deforestation.
- 45% of rainfall is acid rain and 2/3 of one city affected by acid rain.
- Half of waste water isn't treated before being dumped in rivers.
- Almost all of urban areas have over exploited their neighbouring uplands, causing a considerable reduction in vegetation cover leading to erosion.
- Environmental Protection Bureau classified the situation as "severe" and they are taking measures to improve the situation.
- Measures used to tackle problem include: (a) higher sewage treatment charges, (b) stricter pollution regulations on factories, (c) tougher national regulations on vehicle emissions.
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Theme 4: China's Pearl River Delta (2)
Industries in regions
- Honda, pharmaceuticals, food, beverages, chemicals, electrical appliances.
- Largest centre for production for microwave ovens.
- Major centre of electrical lighting industry in the world.
- Major manufacturer of PC games, consoles, golf clubs.
- Specialises in running shoes, 80,000 people employed in one factory.
- Produces 70% of world's photocopiers and 80% of artificial Christmas trees.
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