How to get a grade 8 or 9 in Spanish in speaking and writing
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- Created by: fudgeblast
- Created on: 02-07-17 10:42
Tenses
- Present
- Past Tense: Preterite, Imperfect, Perfect and Pluperfect
- Future: Near, Conditional and Real Future
- The Gerund: Present Continuous (what is happening right now) and Imperfect Continuous (what was happening at the exact moment)
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Grammar structures
- Antes de + Infinitive (before doing something)
- Despúes de + Infinitive (after doing something)
- Tener que + Infinitive (to have to do something)
- Esperar + Infinitive (to hope to do something)
- Pensar en + Infinitive (to think of doing something)
- Acabar de + Infinitive (to have just done something)
- Para + Infinitive (in order to do something)
- Suelo + Infinitive (i usually do...)
- Dejar de + Infinitive (to stop ...ing to quit ...ing)
- Dominar + Infinitive (to be fluent in...)
- Si clause
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Time Phrases referring to the past
- Ayer - yesterday
- Anoche - last night
- El fin de semana pasado - last weekend
- La semana pasada - last week
- El mes pasado - last month
- El año pasado - last year
- Hace dos / tres días / semanas / meses - Two/three days/weeks/months ago
- Anteayer - the day before yesterday
- Ayer por la mañana - yesterday morning
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Time Phrases referring to the present
- Todos los días– every day
- Los fines de semana– at weekends
- Cada …– every …
- Una vez / dos veces a la / al– once / twice a …
- Present tense + desde hace (have been ...ing for...)
- Hace + expression of time - ago
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Time Phrases referring to the future
- Mañana - tomorrow
- El fin de semana que viene- next weekend
- La semana que viene- next week
- En las vacaciones- in the holidays
- Elaño que viene- next year
- Esta tarde - this afternoon
- Esta noche - tonight
- Mañana por la mañana - tomorrow morning
- Mañana por la noche - tomorrow night
- Mañana por la tarde - tomorrow afternoon
- Durante la semana - during the week
- Los sábados por la semana - on saturday mornings
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Frequency (How Often?)
- Muchas veces - many times
- Todo el tiempo
- Varias veces - everal times
- Siempre – always
- Normalmente – normally
- Generalmente – generally
- Frecuentemente – frequently
- A menudo – often
- A veces – sometimes
- De vez en cuando – from time to time
- Rara vez / raramente – rarely
- Nunca - never
- Un vez por día - once a day
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Connectives and Linking Words
- Como - like/as
- También - also
- Por ejemplo - for example
- Aunque - although
- Sin embargo - however
- Por lo tanto - therefore
- Durante - during
- De antemano - beforehand
- Y- and
- Pero - but
- Hoy en dia - nowadays
- Mientras que - whilst
- Tampaco - neither
- Claro - of course
- Por un lado - on the one hand
- Por otro lado - on the other hand
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Negatives
- No - not
- Nada - nothing
- Nunca - never
- Ninguno - none
- Ni...ni - neither...nor
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Comparatives, Superlatives and Equality
Comparative:
- Más + adjective/adverb/noun/ + que
- Menos + adjective/adverb/noun/ + que
- Better than - mejor que
- Worse than - peor que
Superlative:
- El,la,los,las + más/menos + adjective
- Lo + adj - the ....ing
- Best - el/la/los/las + mejor
- Worst - el/la/los/las + peor
Equality:
- Tan + adjective/adverb + como
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Opinion Phrases
- Pienso que
- Me parece que
- A mi modo de ver
- Porque
- Puesto que
- Por eso
- Use of opinions such as ¡qué! and ....ísimo
- Me encanta
- Me gusta
- Me interesa
- No me gusta
- No me gusta mucho
- No tengo ganas de + infinitive
- Me importa
- Me preocupa
- Me molesta
- Use of adjectives
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Checking your work!
- Verb endings - do the endings match the subject or tense
- Word order
- Agreement - adjective match noun. Singular? Plural? Masculine? Feminine?
- Spellings
- Accents
Something to help you with:
Articles:
- A/Some = un/una/unos/unas
- The = el/la/los/las
Articles + Prepositions
- To the = al/a la/a los/a las
- From the/Of the = del/de la/de los/de las
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Checking your work! Part 2
DOPs (Direct Object Pronoun)
- Me = me
- You (sing) = te
- Us = Nos
- You (pl)
- it/them = lo/la/los/las
IDOPs (Indirect Object Pronouns)
- To me = me
- To you (sing) = te
- To him/her = le
- To us = Nos
- To you (pl) = Os
- To them = Les
*they go before a conjugated verb but after a infinitive
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Checking your work! Part 3
Personal Pronouns
- I = yo
- You (sing) = tú
- He/She = él/ella/usted
- We = nosotros/nosotras
- You (pl) = vosotros/vosotras
- They = ellos/ellas/ustedes
Possessive Pronouns
- My = mi/mis
- Your = tu/tus
- His/Her = su/sus
- Our = nuestro/nuestra/nuestros/nuestras
- Your = vuestro/vuestra/vuestros/vuestras
- Their = su/sus
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Checking your work! Part 4
Demonstrative Pronouns
- This/These = este/esta/estos/estas
- That/Those = ese/esa/esos/esas
- That/Those = aquel/aquella/aquellos/aquellas
Whose:
- Cuyo (masc.sing)
- Cuya (fem.sing)
- Cuyos (masc.pl)
- Cuyas (fem/pl)
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