Human Growth and Development

Growth --> increase in size and mass i.e. getting taller

Development --> an increase in skills, abilities and emotions i.e. learning to read and talk

Milestones --> a significant event that has taken place in your life examples include: a child walking for their first time, a student moving up to secondary school and a person leaving home to go to university 

Egocentric --> an infant or child can only think about themselves and their own needs

PIES --> Physical, Intellectual, Emotional and Social 

Norms --> what is a normal thing to do, achieve or develop at a certain age

-the child knows they are safe, secure and supported

-helps a child to develop independence 

-helps to develop trust with others

-the child knows they are loved

-the child knows that they can depend on parents and carers 

-can develop strong relationships and a positive self concept

Infancy- 0-3 years

Childhood- 4-10 years

Adolescence- 11-18 years

Adulthood- 19-65 years

Later Adulthood- 65 years +

Physical - genetic inheritance, diet, physical exercise and illness or disease 

Social and Emotional - gender, family relationships, friendships, education, ethnicity and religion, life experiences, marriage, divorce, death

Economic - income, material possessions

Environmental - housing, pollution, access to health and welfare services 

Family- parents, siblings, cousins etc
-Key features of family relationships- love, support, care, understanding

Friendship
-Key features of a good friendship- trust, support
-Key features of a poor friendship- disloyalty, untrustworthy, unsupportive

Intimate, Personal and Sexual Relationships
-Key features of good intimate relationships- love, care, warmth
-Key features of poor intimate relationships- abuse, neglect, domestic violence  (main types of abuse- physical, sexual, emotional, domestic violence, neglect) 

Working Relationships
-Key features of a good working relationship- support, respect, loyalty, kindness
-Key features of a poor working relationship- power, disrespect, unsupportiveness

• Self concept --> a way a person thinks about their abilities in a variety of facets of life e.g. academically
• Self esteem --> how we view ourselves
• Self image --> what other people think about us
• Positive self concept --> feeling positive, confident, happy with life and believe you are good at something
• Negative self concept --> opposite of positive self concept^^

Factors that affect self concept:
-age
-appearance
-gender
-culture
-emotional maturity
-education
-relationships with others
-sexual orientation
-life experiences 

Changes in relationships:
-marriage
-living with a partner
-birth of a sibling
-birth of own child

Physical changes:
-puberty
-menopause

Changes in life circumstances:
-moving house
-starting school
-starting college
-starting work
-retirement 

Changes in relationships:
-divorce
-death of a relative or friend

Physical changes:
-accident/injury
-illness

Changes in life circumstances:
-redundancy/ unemployment 

• Partners, family, friends
• Professional care workers such as nurses, counsellors etc
• Voluntary organisations such as charities or faith based (church) services