Livestock - Poultry 0.0 / 5 ? OtherAnimal ManagementOtherOther Created by: Becky_BerryCreated on: 31-01-21 08:22 Commercial Laying Breeds Rhode Island Red Lohmann Brown 1 of 12 Commercial Meat Breeds e.g., Cornish Cross, Ross 308 Lowest cost of live weight produced Higher pwerformance on lower cost feed rations most feed efficient excellent growth rate best broiler uniformity for processing competitve breeder (The Poultry Site) 2 of 12 Egg Laying Hen Produced Cycle Egg incubation = approx. 21 days Breeding farms = 18-20 weeks Placed into either an enriched battery cage, barn or free ranging system One year = can produce 300 eggs After one-year egg production declines average life span of a chicken = 5-10 years 3 of 12 Meat Chickens (intensive) Production Cycle live to around 6 weeks of age and grow very fast hatching place into barns at one day old slaughter at age 42 days live weight slaughter approx. 2.2 kilograms 70% usable meat broiler (intensive) chickens barn enriched (intensive) chickens free range chickens 4 of 12 Meat Chickens: Intensive Fast growing chickens can suffer from fatigue Often lame so walking to feed and water can be painful Spread of disease higher due to close proximity Produce chickens cheaply and quickly, easy to control environmental conditions Fast growing chickens consume less feed Crowding reduces housing costs and space requirements 5 of 12 Meat Chickens: Intensive Enriched Compromise between cost to consumer and welfare of chickens Birds have more space and enrichment Slower growing chickens are more active and suffer less lameness Slower growing chickens consume more Still kept inside and under very controlled and artificial conditions Kept in the system longer so slower turn around, meaning higher prices for consumers 6 of 12 Meat Chickens: Free Range Chickens grow at a slower more natural rate and can enjoy a longer life (at least 8 weeks) Higher welfare systems can generate extra income for rural communities Consume feed made without using artificial fertilisers and pesticides Greater area of land required Extra labour required to complete day-to-day husbandry Free-range chicken is made more expensive 7 of 12 Laying Hens enriched colony caged hens barn hens free range hens 8 of 12 Laying Hens: Enriched Colony Caged High stocking levels, beaks clipped to reduce bullying Limited movement available for exercise Environment very controlled and artificial to increase egg production Eggs almost as cheap as barren battery caged systems More space and a little more freedom Able to express natural behaviours such as perching and laying eggs in a nest 9 of 12 Laying Hens: Barren Battery Cage Cheap eggs Can't exercise, so they consume less feed Crowding means higher production per shed Illegal in teh EU due to poor welfare Cannot dust-bathe, perch, scratch for food, lay eggs in a nest or even stretch their wings Lack of exercise can lead to brittle bones and broken bones when caught for slaughter 10 of 12 Laying Hens: Barn not free to go outside large numbers of birds so system remains intensive largely controlled environment and artificial environment hens have greater freedom of movement than in a cage can dust-bathe, scratch for food, perch and lay eggs in a nest compromise between cost and welfare 11 of 12 Laying Hens: Free Range large levels of enrichment and a varied diet able to easily express natural behaviours genereates higher welfare product which is a valuable income eggs are more expensive hens consume more food as moving around more and using more calories hens at risk of predators such as foxes and badgers 12 of 12
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