Making of America OCR History B

1795 - Treaty of Greenville - granted government large areas of northwest native land

1803 - Loisiana purchase - bought land off of France - $15m for 530m acres 

Land speculators - bought large sections of land to sell / rent to homesteaders

Seminole war - Native Americans lost, forced to give Florida to government

1793 - invention of cotton gin - processed cotton 50 times faster than by hand

1820 - Missouri compromise - states added must be in pairs, slave and free

1820 - cotton made up 42% of all exports

Children were born into slavery, increasing population

Banks would loan money towards plantation purchases

5 civilsed tribes - Cherokee, Chicksaw, Seminole, Choctaw, Creek

Cherokee (1837 - 1838) - Trail of tears - forced to walk thousands of miles due to disagreement on treaty - 1000's died

Creek (1832 - 1836) - Homesteaders moved too close to native land - lead to conflict with homesteaders, government and Creeks

Seminole - Seminole wars - fought to keep their land - 3 wars before removal

Nomadic - travellers via horse

Hunting of buffalo - religious importance - guns allowed for easier hunting

Tribes split into bands - decisions made as a group

Tipi homes - easy to set up, ideal for changing climate

1847 - Rumours spread of endless gold in the west

1850 - California named a state

Levi's - produced denim overalls for miners

Overpopulation of miners - conflict caused, miners attempted to create 'laws'

Division of beliefs over slavery - South pro-slavery, North anti-slavery

Economic differences - North relied on income from export profits, South relied on income from slavery

Political power - 3/5ths compromise - attempted to balance political power by counting slaves as 3/5ths of a person

1854 - Kansas-Nebraska act - breaking of Missouri compromise - allowed states to choose to be free or slave

1860 - Abraham Linclon voted in as president

1860 - South Carolina - first state to leave union and join confederacy

1863 - Emancipation proclamation - slaves to be free if Union won civil war

1863 - slaves allowed to join union army, granted equal pay

Racism within union army - African-Americans forced to work in seperate units, white unionists openly racist towards black unionists

After Civil War, efforts were made to unite country

1865 - 13th amendment - all slaves free 

April 1865 - Abraham Lincoln assassinated at the theatre, Andrew Johnson appointed president

Andrew Johnson - gave land meant for ex-slaves to plantation owners instead - allowed states in enforce Black Codes (removal of rights of black people)

1868 - 14th amendment - anyone born in the USA named a legal citizen

1870 - 15th amendment - granted black Americans the right to vote

1877 - Jim Crow laws - segregation of black and white Americans

1861 - railroad contruction began 

1869 - railroad completed 

Immigrant Chinese workers forced to work in dangerous + unsanitary conditions

Wild West - clashes with western tribes - lack of laws, 'wild' behaviour - violence, gambling, prostitution, drugs, alcohol

Cow towns - small towns for transportation of cows - local economy increasing from small businesses

Cattle ranches - large areas of land for cow grazing

Railroads allowed for easy access to land for sale

Dry land - lack of water for farming - no income for homesteaders

Isolation - construction of homes tough - no local medical providers

Sanitation - lack of clean water - diseases such as cholera spread

Little Crow's war (1861-1862) - mistreatment of Sioux within reservations lead to conflict - Sioux lost, forced into smaller reservations + murdered as punishment

Red Cloud's War (1865 - 1868) - white settlers broke treaty protecting holy native land - Lakota Sioux attacked settlers + army - won against the government at Fort Laramie

Great Sioux War (1875 - 1877) - after Red Cloud's war, tensions at Fort Laramie grew - General Custer planned ambush but failed, was murdered