media psychology A2 unit 4

• Gossip Theory-  Barkow "gossiping is safer as people do not find out who has been talking about them. 
• Reproductive stratagies



Things affecting worship levels -

• age (McCutheon)
• level of education (McCutheon)
• exposure (Zajonic mere exposure effect)
• gender (steuer girls more intense)
• personality
• beliefs (reubin- celebrities deserve fame)

McCutheon CAS scale- escapism, intense personal, over identification

Maltby CAS scale- entertainment social, intense personal, borderline pathological

Maltby CAS scale study - 126 males, 181 females CAS score plus mental health questionnaire

why?

• failed sexual relationship
• absorbtion hypothesis
• personality theory
• childhood trauma
• What ?
• unwanted, persistant persuit or harassment of a person- kienlen
• love obsessionals, simple obsessionals, erotomaniacs

Research-

• kienlen- a third of stalkers have either a pathological attachment, or a psychotic disorder
• meloy- in USA 8% females and 2% males have been stalked 

The amout to which we elaborate, focuses on the thoughts of the viewer not just the message its self

Centeral Route- motivated to watch the message think about what they have seen

Peripheral Route- disinterested by message

Vidrine Simmons and Brandon - the need for cognition study

1. The Hypodermic effect

• totalitarian regimes
• bandura
• subliminal advertising

2. The two step flow theory

3. Uses and Gratification Theory

• Rogget and Jenson- 420 west german homes introduced with tv...

The Popularity theory

• parasocial relationship- Horton
• Aron et al - Cher
• DeBaker- 838 participants younger more influenced, teacher to friend, more exposure
• Zajonic Mere exposure effect = trust= like

The personality Theory

• Simonton- Thematic apperception test

Outsider theory

• Simonton- Celebrities are often from minority cultures and fame is a way of being included

desensatisation- see it too much to be affected by it

Social Learning theory- attnetion, retention, motivation, production, vicarious reinforcement, not to hard, in need of rolse model, same sex models

Research-

• Bandura- they copied
• liebern and baron- found that watching violent media causes aggression
• robinson and bachman- did a correlation, hours of tv and freaquency
• Joy et al - introduction of TV into a culture increases violence
• Parke et al- delinquants are more likely to act verbally and physically aggressive after watching violent media

Longterm- SLT, SCOLT

Short term- arousal effects, sponser effects, cognititve priming

Research-

• Noble- Austrailia Naturally
• Holloway- good news study
• Blackman and Hornstein- good new study follow up

Research

• Ballard- 119 middle class students, 4 increasingly violent games and then played a memory game with a confederate, measured on how much they punished confederate when they got a memory task wrong.
• Matthews- MRI scans, 44 students in each group either non or violent game, increased activity in the amagdala, and decreased in the prefrontal cortex
• Grusser-  12% of gamers in USA according to gaming industry are addicted

CMCA- communicator, message, channel, audience

• hovland and weiss- nuclear submerine
• Baldyreff and sorokin- same record played twice
• baron and byrne- speak fast
• McGuire- two sided
• McGuire and Papaeorgris- toothbrushing ad
• Gorn- pen ad
• sinclaire mark and clore- good bad weather
• zajonic- mere exposure effect
• Bornstein- more than 20 times
• wood and stagner- not too intelligant and not too confident